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CTC Bio 1107 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

The study of life

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another.

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3
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of each body part including the chemical reactions that occur and how they coordinate to form a living organism

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4
Q

What are the levels of organisation from smallest to largest?

A 
Atom 
Molecule
Macromolecule 
Organism 
Cell 
Tissue 
Organ 
System 
Organism 
(AM MOC TOSO)
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5
Q

Atom

A

Smallest component of all matter

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6
Q

Molecule

A

More than 1 atom chemically joined together

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7
Q

Macromolecule

A

More than 100-1000s of atoms or molecules joined together

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8
Q

Organelle

A

Macromolecules working together to form the functional unit of of a cell

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9
Q

Organelle AKA

A

“little organ” or “cell organ”

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10
Q

Cell

A

Functional unit of life; groups of organelles working together

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Many cells of similar size, shape, and function working together

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12
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues working together for a common function(s)

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13
Q

System

A

A group of organs working together for a common function(s)

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14
Q

Organism

A

A group of organ systems working together to sustain life

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15
Q

What are the 10 organ systems?

(MURCI + NERDS)

A 
Muscular 
Urinary 
Respiratory
Circulatory 
Integumentary 
Nervous 
Endorine 
Reproductive 
Digestive 
Skeletal 
(Optional #11: Lymphatic)
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16
Q

Muscular System

-function and organs

A

Function: Movement
Organs: Muscles

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17
Q

Urinary System

-function and organs

A

Function: Removal of wastes and electrolyte (salt) balance
Organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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18
Q

Respiratory System

-function and organs

A

Function: Takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide ( process called respiration)
Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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19
Q

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

-function and organs

A

Function: Transports substances throughout the internal body
Organs: Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood

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20
Q

Integumentary System

-function and organs

A

Function: Protection and homeostasis

Organs : Skin

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21
Q

Nervous System

-function and organs

A

Function: Communication between body systems
Organs: Brain, spinal cord, nervous, and sense organs

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22
Q

Endocrine System

  • AKA
  • function and organs
A

AKA: “middle man”
Function: Secretes proper hormones based on information received from the brain to maintain homeostasis and life processes such as hunger
Organs: Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus gland

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23
Q

Reproductive System

-function and organs (male and female)

A

Function: Producing offspring
Male organs: Scrotum, testes, epididymus, vas deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra
Female organs: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, vagina, clitoris, vulva

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24
Q

Digestive System

-function and organs

A

Function: Breakdown and absorb nutrients as well as remove waste
Organs: Mouth, tongue, teeth, esophagus, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small/large intestines

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25
Q

Skeletal System

-function and organs

A

Functions: Support, movement, protection
Organs: bones

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26
Q

Lymphatic System

-function and organs

A

Functions: Blood filtering and immune defense
Organs: White blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, lymph tissues
* often lumped together with cardiovascular

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A 
Responsiveness
Respiration 
Reproduction 
Growth 
Absorption 
Assimilation 
Movement 
Excretion
Digestion 
Circulation
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28
Q

Responsiveness

A

Sense changes in environment and respond to stimuli

- Nervous System

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29
Q

Reproduction

A

Create offspring

- Reproductive System

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30
Q

Respiration

A 
Using oxygen (or other elements) to produce energy from food 
-Respiratory System
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31
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size (or production of new cells)

-All systems, but controlled by the Endocrine System)

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32
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of substances into an organism by a membrane

-Digestive System and Integumentary System

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33
Q

Assimilation

A

Chemically altering substances that enter the body

-All systems ( mainly Digestive)

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34
Q

Movement

A

Self-limited change in position

-Muscular and Skeletal Systems

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35
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of waste products

-Urinary, digestive, respiratory, and integumentary systems

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36
Q

Digestion

A

Break down of food for energy

- Digestive system

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37
Q

Circulation

A

Movement of substances throughout the body

-Cardiovascular System

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38
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of stable, constant internal environment

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39
Q

What do organ systems do?

A

they work together to maintain constant conditions that allow for survival

40
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Entire front cavity including thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

41
Q

Abdominopelvic

A

Abdominal and pelvic cavities referred together

42
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Cavity between diaphragm and hips

-stomach, liver, gallbladder, small intestines, parts of the large intestine, spleen, pancreas

43
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Area between hips

-reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum and parts of large intestine

44
Q

What are the body cavities

A 
Cranial
Dorsal 
Vertebral 
Thoracic
Ventral 
Abdominalpelvic
Abdominal 
Pelvic
45
Q

The 4 Main Quadrants of Abdominopelvic

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant ( LLQ)

46
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Space between shoulders and diaphram

47
Q

Pleural Cavities

A

Either side of thoracic cavity

48
Q

Mediastinum

-and organs

A

Center of thoracic cavity

-esophagus, trachea, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus glands

49
Q

Pericardial cavity

- organs

A

Center of mediastinum

-heart

50
Q

Dorsal cavity

-contains

A

Entire back cavity; contains cranial and spinal ( vertebral) cavity / canal, follows the bones of the back
-spinal cord

51
Q

Cranial cavity

- contains

A

created by the bones of the skull

- brain

52
Q

What are the 9 regions of the Abdominopelvic cavity

A 
Right hypochondriac 
Epigastric
Left h.
 Right lumbar 
Umbilical 
Left lumbar
Right lumbar 
Umbilical 
Left lumbar 
Right iliac 
Hypogastric 
Left iliac
53
Q

Right Hypochondriac Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location- upper right side

Organs- mainly liver and gallbladder and portion of transverse colon

54
Q

Left Hypochondriac Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location- upper left side

Organs- portion of stomach and transverse colon, spleen

55
Q

Epigastric Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location- upper center

Organs- Heart, portion of stomach, liver, portion of transverse colon

56
Q

Right Lumbar Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location - middle right side

Organs- ascending colon, small intestines

57
Q

Left Lumbar Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location - middle left side

Organs - descending colon, small intestines

58
Q

Umbilical Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location - middle, middle (belly button)

Organs - small intestines

59
Q

Right Iliac Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location - bottom right (by hip)

Organs - ascending colon, vermiform appendix

60
Q

Left Iliac Region

-Location and Organs

A

Location - bottom left (by hip)

Organs - descending colon, rectum

61
Q

Hypogastric Region

- Location and Organs

A

Location - bottom middle

Organs - reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and small intestines

62
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The body is standing facing forward, with arms to the sides, and palms forward (thumbs out)

63
Q

What are the body planes?

A 
Sagittal 
Transverse
Coronal 
Anterior 
Posterior 
Cranial 
Caudal 
Superior 
Inferior 
Medial 
Lateral 
Proximal 
Distal 
Superficial 
Deep (inside)
64
Q

Sagittal (median) plane

A

Separates right from left

65
Q

Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

Separates top from bottom

66
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A

Separates front from back

67
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front or in front of

68
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

back or in back of

69
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

70
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

71
Q

Superior

A

Above or upper

72
Q

Inferior

A

Below or under

73
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle

74
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the middle

75
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk of the body (used to compare two parts on the arms or the legs)

76
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk of the body ( used to compare two parts on the arms or the legs)

77
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Near the surface

78
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Inside the body

79
Q

What are the types of serous membranes?

A

Parietal
Visceral
Serous Fluid

80
Q

Parietal Membranes

A

Lines the cavity wall

81
Q

Visceral Membranes

A

Attach to the surface of organs

82
Q

Serous Fluid

A

Watery fluid that bathes most organs

- generally fills in any space between a visceral and parietal membrane

83
Q

What are the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes?

A 
Pericardium 
- Parietal Pericardium 
- Visceral Pericardium 
Plura 
- Parietal Pleura 
- Visceral Pleura 
Peritoneal 
- Peritoneal Peritoneum 
-Visceral Peritoneum
84
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane around the heart

85
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Membrane lining the pericardial cavity wall

86
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

Membrane attached to the heart wall

87
Q

Pericardial Space

A

Potential space between Parietal / Visceral membranes filled with serous fluid

88
Q

Pleura

A

Membranes in the thoracic cavity

89
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Membrane lining the pleura cavity wall

90
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Membrane attached to the lung(s) wall

91
Q

Pleura Space

A

Potential space between parietal/visceral membranes filled with serous fluid

92
Q

Peritoneal

A

Membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity

93
Q

Perietal Peritoneum

A

Membrane lining the cavity wall

94
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Membrane attached to the abdominopelvic organ walls

95
Q

Peritoneal Space

A

Potential space between v/p membranes filled with serous fluid

CTC Bio 1107 (49 decks)

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