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Microbiology > Chapter Assignment Lecture 1 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter Assignment Lecture 1 Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Domain : bacteria

Gram status : gram positive

Prokaryote

Anthrax

Found in : soil, livestock

ROE: inhalation, ingestion, cutaneous contact

Treatment : antibiotics (ciproflaxin, doxycycline)

Special procedures: produces spores that can survive harsh conditions; makes a deadly toxin

A

Bacillus Anthracis

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2
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status: gram negative

Prokaryotes

Diseases : cholera

Found in : contaminated food and water

ROE: ingestion (oral fecal route)

Treatment: rehydration, antibiotics in severe cases (azithromycin)

Special procedures: produces cholera toxin, causing massive fluid loss (diarrhea)

A

Vibrio Cholerae

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3
Q

Domain : bacteria

Gram status : gram positive

Prokaryotes

Diseases : tuberculosis

Found in : human lungs

ROE: inhalation of droplets

Treatment: long term antibiotics (isoniazid, rifampicin)

Special treatment: thick waxy cell wall, making it resistant to many antibiotics.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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4
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status: gram negative

Prokaryote

Diseases : UTI, gastroenteritis, sepsis,

Found in: human gut, contaminated food, water

ROE: ingestion, urinary tract entry

Treatment: supportive care, antibiotics in severe cases.

Special properties: some strains produce shiga toxin

A

Escherichia coli

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5
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status : gram negative

Prokaryote

Disease : syphillis

Found in: humans

ROE: sexual contact

Treatment : penicillin

Special properties : spiraled shape

A

Treponema pallidum

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6
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status: gram positive

Prokaryote

Diseases : skin infections, pneumonia, sepsis, toxic shock syndrome

Found in: skin, nasal passages

ROE: direct contact, broken skin

Treatment: antibiotics

Special properties : can form bio films; some strains produce toxins.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status: gram positive

Prokaryote

Diseases: colitis, severe diarrhea

Found in: soil, hospital environments, human intestines (after antibiotic use)

ROE: oral fecal route

Treatment: vancomycin, fecal transplants

Special properties: spore forming, releases toxins that damage intestinal lining

A

Clostridium difficile

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8
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status: gram negative

Prokaryote

Diseases : gonorrhea

Found in: humans sexually transmitted

ROE: sexual contact

Treatment: antibiotics ( cephalosporins)

Special properties: has pili for attachment to mucosal surfaces, evades immune system

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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9
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status : gram negative

Prokaryote

Diseases: gastroenteritis, typhoid fever

Found in: contaminated food (poultry eggs, water)

ROE: ingestion

Treatment : supportive care, antibiotics for severe cases

Special properties: can invade intestinal cells and survive in macrophages.

A

Salmonella enterica

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10
Q

Domain: bacteria

Gram status : gram negative

Prokaryote

Diseases: opportunistic infections ( pneumonia, UTIs, sepsis)

Found in: water, soil, health care settings

ROE: broken skin, inhalation, medical devices

Treatment : antibiotics,

Special properties: forms biofilms, highly resistant to antibiotics

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

Domain : eukarya

Gram status : protozoan

Eukaryote

Diseases: giardiasis (diarrhea, stomach cramps)

Found in: contaminated waters

ROE: ingestion of cysts in contaminated water or food

Treatment : metronidazole or tinidazole

Special properties: exists as both a cyst and a trophozoite causes malabsorption in the intestine

A

Giardia lamblia

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12
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status: amoeba

Eukaryotes

Diseases: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (Pam)

Found in: warm freshwater

ROE: nasal passage

Treatment: amphotericin B, miltefosine (usually fatal with treatment)

Special properties: known as a brain eating amoeba it rapidly destroys brain tissue.

A

Naegleria fowleri

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13
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : slime mold

Eukaryotes

Diseases : non pathogenic to humans

Found in: soil, decaying matter

ROE: non pathogenic

Treatment : n/a

Special properties: model organism in cell biology, exhibits both unicellular and multicellular life stages .

A

Dictyostelium discoideum

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14
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : protozoan

Eukaryotes

Diseases : toxoplasmosis

Found in : cats

ROE: ingestion of cysts from undercooked meat or cat feces, trasnplacental trasnmission

Treatment : pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

Special properties: can form tissue cysts in brain and muscle, capable of altering host behavior

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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15
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : Protozoan

Eukaryotes

Diseases : trichomoniasis (std)

Found in: human genital tract

ROE: human sexual contact

Treatment: metronidazole or tinidazole

Special properties: flagellated protozoan; can survive in the human urogential tract without causing symptoms

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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16
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status: protozoan

Eukaryotes

Diseases : African sleeping sickness

Found in: tsetse flies sub Saharan Africa

ROE: tsetse fly bite

Treatment : Suramin or pentamidine for early stages; melarsoprol for late stages

Special properties : changes surface glycoproteins to evade immune detection; crosses the blood brain barrier

A

Trypanosoma brucei

17
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : protozoan

Eukaryotes

Diseases : malaria

Found in : mosquitoes

Roe: mosquito bite

Treatment: artemisinin based combination therapies, chloroquine in sensitive regions

Special properties: causes cyclic fever; invades red blood cells, leading to their destruction

A

Plasmodium falciparum

18
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : Helminths tapeworm

Eukaryotes

Diseases : taeniasis (intestinal infection)

Found in : cattle, undercooked beef

ROE: ingestion of larvae in undercooked beef

Treatment: praziquantel or niclosamide

Special properties: grows to several meters long; attaches to the intestinal wall with a scolex

A

Taenia Saginata

19
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : fungus

Eukaryotes

Diseases : candidas (oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, systemic candidas )

Found in: human mucosal surfaces (mouth, genitals, hospitals (opportunistic)

ROE : endogenous, entry via medical devices, (catheters)

Treatment : anti fungals (fluconazole, amphotecerin b for systemic infections)

Special properties: forms biofilms, can switch between yeast and hyphal forms

A

Candida albicans

20
Q

Domain: eukarya

Gram status : Dinoflagellates

Eukaryotes

Diseases paralytic shellfish poisoning

Found in: coastal marine environments

ROE: ingestion of contaminated shellfish

Treatment : supportive care

Special properties: produces saxitoxin, a neurotoxin that causes paralysis

A

Alexandrium monilatum

Microbiology (22 decks)

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