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Microbiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hooke coined the term ____ for the individual units he observed

A

Cell

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2
Q

If the sample is to be stained, a _____ must be made.

A

Smear

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3
Q

The most simplest type of preparation is the _____, in which the specimen is placed on the slide in a drop of liquid.

A

Wet mount

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4
Q

The fixing of a sample refers to the process of attaching cells to a slide.

A

Fixation

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5
Q

Positively charged

Negatively charged

A

Basic dyes

Acidic dyes

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6
Q

A_______ maybe used to hold the stain or coat the specimen to enlarge it

A

Mordant

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7
Q

Microbe is colored against a light background

Microbe is transparent against a colored background

A

Positive stain

Negative stain

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8
Q

A single dye is used to emphasize particular structures in the specimen. Generally makes all of the organisms in a sample appear to be the same color, even if the sample contains more than one type of organism

A

Simple staining

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9
Q

Use a combination of dyes to highlight differences between microbes

A

Differential staining

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10
Q

Most common differential stain
Classifies bacteria into gram positive 🟪 and gram negative 🟥 based on differences in cell wall composition

A

Gram staining

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11
Q

Has a thick peptidoglycan

Has a thin peptidoglycan

A

Gram positive thick

Gram negative thin

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12
Q

Gram Staining

Primary staining =

Mordant =

Decolorizer =

Counter stain =

A

Crystal violet 1st stain 🟪

Iodine 🟥

Alcohol

Safranin 🟥

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13
Q

ACID FAST STAINING

Primary stain ______

Stain penetrates waxy coating of acid fast cells

A

Carbolfushin

Pink acid fast 💓

Acid fast staining

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14
Q

ACID FAST

Counterstain

Stains non acid fast cells

A

Methylene blue

Blue non fast acid cells

Acid fast cells

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15
Q

ENDOSPORE STAINING

Primary stain =

Decolorizer with water

Counter stain

A

Malachite green 🟢

Safranin 🔴

Green endospore and red vegetative cells

Endospore staining

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16
Q

An image of the surface of the specimen is created

The specimen is coated with metal (gold)

Electrons are deflected when they hit the specimen

A

Scanning electron microscopy

17
Q

In _____ electrons pass through the sample

Is useful for visualizing the internal structures of cells and viruses

Staphylococcus aureus Ebola virus

A

Transmission electron microscopy tem

18
Q

Uses antibodies linked to fluorescent molecule

This is helpful for detecting specific microbes or cellular structures

Gonorrhoeae can be viewed on this microscope

A

Immunofluorescence microscopy

19
Q

Uses a light stop above the condenser
This results in a light cells on dark background

Treponema palladium (syphillis) can be viewed on this microscope

A

Darkfield microscopy

20
Q

Is the most commonly used microscope

Images appear on a light background

The objective lens sits above the specimen and comes in a variety of powers

Typical powers 4X, 10x, 40x, and 100x

This allows to see objects as small as bacteria, but not smaller objects such as viruses

A

Bright field microscope

21
Q

The item being viewed is called a _____ and is placed on a glass slide which then clipped into place on the ____

A

Specimen

Stage

22
Q

These knobs move the slide on the surface of the stage but do not raise or lower it

A

XY mechanical knobs

23
Q

The _____ is used for large scale movements with 4X and 10x objective lens

The _____ is used for small scale movements especially 40x or 100x objective lens

A

Coarse focusing knobs

Fine focusing Knobs

24
Q

Images require intense lighting

A

Illuminator

25
Q

Focuses all of the light rays on the specimen to maximize illumination. The position of the condenser can be optimized using the attached _____, once the optimal distance is established.

A

Condenser

Condenser focus knob

26
Q

If less than maximal light levels are needed, the amount of light striking the specimen can be easily adjusted by opening or closing a _______ between the condenser and specimen

A

Diaphragm

27
Q

In some cases, brightness can also be adjusted using the _______, a dimmer switch that controls the intensity of the illuminator

A

Rheostat

Microbiology (22 decks)

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