Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > chapter 17 and 18 class notes > Flashcards

chapter 17 and 18 class notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

immunity that you are born with

immunity that you are not born with

A

innate

acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adaptive/memory immunity is

A

acquired immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

innate immunity cells

A

neutrophils
basophils
mast cells
monocytes
eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acquired immunity cells

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PMNC eat bacteria/alert

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

eat bacteria/slide out of blood stream

A

monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

full of signaling/plays a role in multicellular pathogens

-allergies

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

least common/inflammation

-releases histamines

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

arise from hematopoiesis, specifically from the common myeloid progenitor cell.
Shares the same progenitor as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

A

mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contain granules with substances like histamine.
Involved in allergic responses and inflammatory reactions.
Unlike basophils:
_____ reside in tissues rather than circulating in the blood

A

mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Found in tissues, especially:
Near blood vessels and nerves.
Close to surfaces interacting with the external environment, such as:
Skin
Mucous membranes in various body regions.

A

mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter a specific body tissue, they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes called

A

macrophages or dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interferons are ____ released by a cell infected with a virus. Interferon-α and interferon-β signal uninfected
neighboring cells to inhibit mRNA synthesis, destroy RNA, and reduce protein synthesis (top arrow).

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

are inhibited by the presence of MHC receptors on healthy cells

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Recognize and kill cells with decreased MHC and increased activating signals to eliminate abnormal cells.

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An ___ is a macromolecule that reacts with components of the immune system.

A

antigen

17
Q

cell surface marker; anything protein that triggers an immune response

A

antigen

18
Q

protein from lymphocytes that can bind to a specific antigen <immunoglobulins></immunoglobulins>

A

antibody

19
Q

antigen is the molecule that an _____ binds to

A

antibody

20
Q

allergic response to parasites

A

IgE

21
Q

Antibodies serve as opsonin’s and inhibit infection by tagging pathogens for destruction by macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. These phagocytic cells use Fc receptors to bind to____ pathogens and initiate the first step of attachment before
phagocytosis.

A

IgG-opsonized

22
Q

the two types of lymphocytes are

A

B cells

T cells

23
Q

T cells are produced in ?

B cells are produced in?

A

thymus

bone marrow

24
Q

T cells can be categorized into three distinct classes:

A

helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and cytotoxic T cells

25
Q

direct killers of infected cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

26
Q

make antibodies <immunoglobulins> "IgG,IgM"</immunoglobulins>

A

B cells

27
Q

activated B cells start secreting

A

Antibodies

28
Q

pumping out antibodies and immunoglobulins

A

plasma B cells

29
Q

communication molecules of the immune system

A

cytokines

30
Q

TH2 cells produce and secrete cytokines that activate the B cell and cause
proliferation into clonal daughter cells. After several rounds of proliferation, additional cytokines provided by the
TH2 cells stimulate the differentiation of activated B cell clones into

A

memory B cells

31
Q

Lag Period: Slow activation (days to weeks).
Antibody Production: Lower levels of IgG with weaker binding.
Duration: Short-lived plasma cells; antibody levels drop quickly.
Outcome: Creates memory B cells for future responses.

A

primary response

32
Q

Lag Period: Rapid activation (few days).
Antibody Production: Higher levels of IgG with stronger binding.
Duration: Longer-lived plasma cells; sustained antibody levels.
Outcome: Faster, stronger, and longer-lasting immunity.

A

Secondary Immune Response

33
Q

helper T cells are called

cytotoxic T cells are called

A

CD4

CD8

Microbiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions