Chapter 1 Flashcards
Study of all small things
Microbiology
What can microbes do ?
Decompose waste
Produce medicines (insulin)
Generate oxygen (photosynthesis)
Produce useful chemicals like (ethanol and vitamins)
Cause disease
Produce fermented foods (cheese, bread)
The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.
Taxonomy
Groups organisms based on shared characteristics
Classification
Is the most specific and basic taxonomic unit
Species
Taxonomic levels
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
In developing his taxonomy, Linnaeus used a system of _________, a two word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and specific epithet
Binomial nomenclature
The binomial nomenclature for human beings
Homo sapiens
Describes the clustered spherical cells
Describes the gold colored colonies
Staphylococcus
Staphlyo cells
Aureus gold
Describes the bacterium’s habitat-the large intestine, or colon.
Escherichia Coli
E.coli is found in the ?
S.aureus found in the ?
Large intestine
Skin
________ can be: prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular, or acellular, living or non living.
Microbes
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
Single celled
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Bacteria
Are prokaryotes
May or may not have cell walls
Often live in extreme environments
Are not known to cause disease in humans
Archaea
Microorganisms are found in each of the three domains of life:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Microbes within the domains bacteria and archaea are all prokaryotes (__________), whereas microbes in the domain eukarya are eukaryotes (_________).
Their cells lack a nucleus
Their cells have a nucleus
Archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, but their cell walls are often composed of a similar substance called
Psuedopeptidoglycan
Helminths
Fungi
Protists (algae, Protozoa)
Eukaryotic microbes
Most are protists (eukaryotic)
Cellulose cell walls
Are photosynthetic organisms that extract energy from the sun and release oxygen and carbohydrates into their environment.
Found in freshwater, saltwater and soil
Algae
Are an informal grouping of eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi.
Some algae are ______.
All Protozoa are examples of _______.
Protists
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
Maybe Mobile via pseudopods, cilia, flagella
Free living or parasitic derive nutrients from a living host.
Protozoa
Are also eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls absorb organic chemicals for energy
Yeasts are unicellular: some are used to make bread and wine.
Molds and mushrooms are multicellular
Fungi
Is a unicellular fungus or yeast. It is the causative agent of vaginal yeast infections as well as oral thrush, a yeast infection of the mouth.
Candida albicans
Molds may produce toxins, cause allergies, spoil food, or even be used as sources of medicine
Penicillin
Multicellular parasitic worms
Tape worms
Round worms
Flukes
Not technically microbes, but fall under the category of microbiology because diseases caused by _______ involve larvae and eggs
Helminths
One example of a Helminths is a _______ , which causes dizziness, vomitting, diarrhea, and painful ulcers on the legs and feet when the worm works it’s way through the skin
Guinea worm 🪱 dracunculus medinensis
Are acellular microorganisms, which means they are not composed of cells
Viruses
Essentially, a _____ consists of proteins and genetic material either DNA or RNA, but never both that are inert outside of a host organism
Virus
Is the study of bacteria
Bacteriology
Study of viruses
Virology
Study of fungi
Mycology
Is the study of Protozoa
Protozoology
Study of Helminths and other parasites
Parasitology
Study of the immune system
Immunology
Are only replicated when they are in a living host
Do not have a cell wall
Virus
