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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of all small things

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

What can microbes do ?

A

Decompose waste
Produce medicines (insulin)
Generate oxygen (photosynthesis)
Produce useful chemicals like (ethanol and vitamins)
Cause disease
Produce fermented foods (cheese, bread)

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3
Q

The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.

A

Taxonomy

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4
Q

Groups organisms based on shared characteristics

A

Classification

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5
Q

Is the most specific and basic taxonomic unit

A

Species

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6
Q

Taxonomic levels

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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7
Q

In developing his taxonomy, Linnaeus used a system of _________, a two word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and specific epithet

A

Binomial nomenclature

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8
Q

The binomial nomenclature for human beings

A

Homo sapiens

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9
Q

Describes the clustered spherical cells

Describes the gold colored colonies

A

Staphylococcus

Staphlyo cells

Aureus gold

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10
Q

Describes the bacterium’s habitat-the large intestine, or colon.

A

Escherichia Coli

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11
Q

E.coli is found in the ?

S.aureus found in the ?

A

Large intestine

Skin

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12
Q

________ can be: prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular, or acellular, living or non living.

A

Microbes

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13
Q

Prokaryotes

No nucleus
Single celled

Peptidoglycan cell walls

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Are prokaryotes
May or may not have cell walls
Often live in extreme environments

Are not known to cause disease in humans

A

Archaea

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15
Q

Microorganisms are found in each of the three domains of life:

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

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16
Q

Microbes within the domains bacteria and archaea are all prokaryotes (__________), whereas microbes in the domain eukarya are eukaryotes (_________).

A

Their cells lack a nucleus

Their cells have a nucleus

17
Q

Archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, but their cell walls are often composed of a similar substance called

A

Psuedopeptidoglycan

18
Q

Helminths
Fungi
Protists (algae, Protozoa)

A

Eukaryotic microbes

19
Q

Most are protists (eukaryotic)
Cellulose cell walls
Are photosynthetic organisms that extract energy from the sun and release oxygen and carbohydrates into their environment.

Found in freshwater, saltwater and soil

A

Algae

20
Q

Are an informal grouping of eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi.
Some algae are ______.
All Protozoa are examples of _______.

A

Protists

21
Q

Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
Maybe Mobile via pseudopods, cilia, flagella
Free living or parasitic derive nutrients from a living host.

A

Protozoa

22
Q

Are also eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls absorb organic chemicals for energy
Yeasts are unicellular: some are used to make bread and wine.
Molds and mushrooms are multicellular

A

Fungi

23
Q

Is a unicellular fungus or yeast. It is the causative agent of vaginal yeast infections as well as oral thrush, a yeast infection of the mouth.

A

Candida albicans

24
Q

Molds may produce toxins, cause allergies, spoil food, or even be used as sources of medicine

A

Penicillin

25
Q

Multicellular parasitic worms
Tape worms
Round worms
Flukes
Not technically microbes, but fall under the category of microbiology because diseases caused by _______ involve larvae and eggs

A

Helminths

26
Q

One example of a Helminths is a _______ , which causes dizziness, vomitting, diarrhea, and painful ulcers on the legs and feet when the worm works it’s way through the skin

A

Guinea worm 🪱 dracunculus medinensis

27
Q

Are acellular microorganisms, which means they are not composed of cells

A

Viruses

28
Q

Essentially, a _____ consists of proteins and genetic material either DNA or RNA, but never both that are inert outside of a host organism

A

Virus

29
Q

Is the study of bacteria

A

Bacteriology

30
Q

Study of viruses

A

Virology

31
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

32
Q

Is the study of Protozoa

A

Protozoology

33
Q

Study of Helminths and other parasites

A

Parasitology

34
Q

Study of the immune system

A

Immunology

35
Q

Are only replicated when they are in a living host

Do not have a cell wall

A

Virus

Microbiology (22 decks)

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