Chapter 24 class notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Inflammation of the gums that can lead to irritation and bleeding.
Caused by the accumulation of plaque on the teeth, which allows bacteria to colonize the gingival space.
As the space becomes anaerobic, microbes such as Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces colonize.
Bacterial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proteases, and lipoteichoic acids cause inflammation and gum damage.

A

gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

form biofilms on teeth

A

pulp
dentin
enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microbial lesions that cause damage to the teeth.
Can progress from the outer enamel layer to infect dentin and pulp.
Untreated caries may form an abscess that spreads to deeper tissues, roots, or bloodstream.

A

dental caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hardened plaque biofilm formed over time when a thick layer of plaque calcifies.
Contains a variety of bacterial species, such as Streptococcus and Actinomyces.

A

tarter dental calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when this happens, the gum recedes and expose parts of the tooth below the crown

A

peridontits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Overgrowth of Candida in the mouth is called ____ . It often appears as white patches.

A

thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It causes fever, muscle pain, headache, pain with chewing, loss of appetite, fatigue, and weakness. There is swelling of the salivary glands and associated pain

A

mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The greatest risk is for food left at a temperature below 60 °C (140 °F), which allows the bacteria to grow.
Cooked foods should generally be reheated to at least 60 °C (140 °F) for safety and most raw meats should be
cooked to even higher internal temperatures

A

danger zone

40F ——— 140F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

intestinal lining being destroyed “bloody stool”

bacterial form is called shigellosis

A

dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is able to produce Shiga toxin, which targets the endothelial cells of small blood vessels in the small and large intestine by binding to a glycosphingolipid

A

S. dysenteriae type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is caused by the rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria salmonella

A

salmonellosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi (mainly) and Paratyphi.

A

typhoid fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

also known as traveler’s diarrhea, causes diarrheal illness and is common in less
developed countries

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

extreme rapid water loss (diarrhea)

IV treatment

A

cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is able to tolerate the acidic environment of the human stomach
and has been shown to be a major cause of

A

peptic ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a breath test, the patient swallows radiolabeled urea. If H. pylori is present, the bacteria will produce urease to break down the urea. This reaction produces
radiolabeled carbon dioxide that can be detected in the patient’s breath.

A

testing for H. pylori

peptic ulcers

17
Q

A newer approach to treatment, known as a fecal transplant, focuses on restoring the microbiota of the gut in order
to combat the infection.

A

C. Diff

18
Q

is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

19
Q

can be found in food and water

A

Hep A & B

20
Q

kills the liver

A

Hep C

21
Q

Also called backpacker’s diarrhea or beaver fever, _____ is a common disease in the United States caused by
the flagellated protist Giardia lamblia, also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis

A

giardiasis

22
Q

Infections caused by the large nematode roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, a soil-transmitted helminth, are called

A

ascariasis

23
Q

Enterobius vermicularis, commonly called ______, are tiny (2–13 mm) nematodes that cause enterobiasis

A

pinworms