Chapter 14 part 2 study guide

Question 1

Changes shape of 30S portion,
causing code on mRNA to be
read incorrectly

Answer 1

Streptomycin

Question 2

Binds to 50S portion and inhibits
formation of peptide bond

Answer 2

Chloramphenicol

Question 3

Interfere with attachment of
tRNA to mRNA–ribosome complex

Answer 3

Tetracyclines

Question 4

competes with para
aminobenzoic acid (PABA), stopping the
synthesis of folic acid.

Answer 4

Sulfanilamide

Question 5

– Prevent the cross-linking of peptidoglycans,
interfering with cell wall construction– Narrow-spectrum (Gram-positives)

Answer 5

penicillin

Question 6

Extended-spectrum penicillins– Effective against gram-negatives as well as
gram-positives

Answer 6

ampicillin, amoxicillin

Question 7

Inhibiting protein synthesis– Target bacterial 70S ribosomes

Answer 7

Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin,
tetracyclines

Question 8

Inhibits peptide bond formation
§ Binds to the 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome– Synthesized chemically; broad spectrum– Can suppress bone marrow and affect blood cell
formation

Answer 8

Chloramphenicol

Question 9

Interfere with the tRNA attachment to the
ribosome– Broad spectrum
§ valuable against rickettsias and chlamydias
(intracellular bacterial infections)– Can suppress normal
intestinal microbiota

Answer 9

Tetracyclines

Question 10

Inhibits mRNA synthesis– Penetrates tissues; antitubercular activity

Answer 10

Rifamycin

Question 11

Agents affecting fungal cell walls–
§ Inhibit the synthesis of β-glucan

Answer 11

Echinocandins

Question 12

For athlete’s foot

Answer 12

tolnaftate

Question 13

Paralysis of helminths
§ Treats roundworms and mites

Answer 13

ivermectin

Question 14

around the disk determines the
sensitivity of the organism to the antibiotic.

Answer 14

zone of inhibition

Question 15

Resistance genes are often spread horizontally
among bacteria on plasmids or transposons via

Answer 15

conjugation or transduction

Question 16

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

Answer 16

Penicillin
Amoxicillin ampicillin
Methicillin oxacillin
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin vancomycin
Isoniazid ethambutol

Question 17

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Answer 17

Nitrofurantoin
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides

Question 18

Inhibits the mycolic acid
synthesis in mycobacteria

Answer 18

Isoniazid

Question 19

Inhibits incorporation of mycolic
acid into the cell wall

Answer 19

Ethambutol

Question 20

Bacitracin
§ Topical application; works against gram-positives– Vancomycin
§ Glycopeptide
§ Last line against antibiotic-resistant MRSA

Answer 20

polypeptide antibiotics

Question 21

– Converted to intermediates that attack bacterial
ribosomal proteins– Synthesized chemically– Treatment for urinary bladder infections

Answer 21

• Nitrofurantoin

Question 22

Amino sugars linked by glycoside bonds– Change the shape of the 30S subunit of the 70S
ribosome– Can cause auditory damage– Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides

Question 23

– Contain a macrocyclic
lactone ring– Narrow spectrum
against gram-positives
§ Erythromycin

Answer 23

Macrolides

Question 24

Injury to Membranes

Answer 24

daptomycin
polymymixn b
ploymyxin E

Question 25

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 25

Rifamycin
Nalidixic acid Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin

Question 26

Competitive Inhibition of Essential
Metabolites

Answer 26

Sulfonamides