Chapter 9 WB

Question 1

the pathologic condition that refers to dilation of the ventricular system is called

Answer 1

hydrocephaly

Question 2

the heart rate is controlled by which nervous system

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system

Question 3

list the three systems that make up the nervous system

Answer 3

central, peripheral, and autonomic

Question 4

what is another name for the central nervous system

Answer 4

cerebrospinal system

Question 5

what are the two main components of the central nervous sytem

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

the cells of the nervous system are called

Answer 6

neurons

Question 7

list the three divisions of the brain

Answer 7

cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum

Question 8

what is formed in the ventricles of the brain

Answer 8

CSF

Question 9

name the three meninges in order from innermost to outermost

Answer 9

pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater

Question 10

the arachnoid and the pia mater together are called the

Answer 10

pia-arachnoid or leptomeninges

Question 11

name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

what happens to the patient’s brain if pressure from hydrocephalus is not relieved

Answer 12

brain may herniate toward foramen magnum

Question 13

what are the two types of shunts used in treatments of hydrocephalus

Answer 13

ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal

Question 14

a common malformation in which the posterior arches and spinous processes of some vertebrae fail to close or are absent is known as

Answer 14

spina bifida

Question 15

when the malformation of the vertebrae is limited to the neural arch, the condition is called

Answer 15

spina bifida

Question 16

list the three conditions that may coexist with a spina bifida

Answer 16

meningocele, myelocele, and myelomingocele

Question 17

where do most cerebral aneurysms occur

Answer 17

circle of Willis

Question 18

sixty percent of all strokes are due to

Answer 18

emboli

Question 19

name the four types of hematomas

Answer 19

subarachnoid, intracerebral or intraparenchymal, epidural or extradural, and subdural

Question 20

a complication of an empyema is

Answer 20

osteomyelitis

Question 21

benign gliomas are called

Answer 21

astrocytoma

Question 22

which two intracranial tumors can affect sight

Answer 22

pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngioma

Question 23

what is the hallmark sign of neurofibromas

Answer 23

foraminal widening

Question 24

blood and cerebrospinal fluid mix to create this sign, which is indicative of a basilar skull fracture. what is the name of the sign

Answer 24

halo sign

Question 25

T/F: the most common brain hemorrhage is the subdural

Answer 25

true

Question 26

T/F: the ventricular system of the brain consists of four ventricles

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F: the epidural space is between the dura mater and the vertebral canal

Answer 27

true

Question 28

T/F: the most common primary brain tumor is a meningioma

Answer 28

false

Question 29

T/F: if the patient presents with tumors or herniated disks, an ultrasound is performed

Answer 29

false

Question 30

T/F: three major causes of stroke are thrombus, embolism, and hemorrhage

Answer 30

true

Question 31

T/F: spina bifida with meningeal protrusion is referred to as myelocele

Answer 31

false

Question 32

T/F: CT is currently the method of choice for demonstrating spinal cord abscesses and neoplasms

Answer 32

true

Question 33

which of the following is not a type of skull fracture

Answer 33

hangman

Question 34

which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 34

subarachnoid

Question 35

trace the path of the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 35

lateral ventricles to foramen of Monro to third ventricle to aqueduct of Sylvius to fourth ventricle to foramina of Luschka and Magendie to subarachnoid space

Question 36

which of the following is not a membrane covering the brain

Answer 36

epidura

Question 37

the anterior and inferior horns are part of which of the following

Answer 37

lateral ventricles

Question 38

the third and fourth ventricles are connected by

Answer 38

aqueduct of Sylvius

Question 39

how many ventricles are present in the brain

Answer 39

4

Question 40

in the adult, the spinal cord ends

Answer 40

at L1-L2

Question 41

cerebrospinal fluid circulates primarily in which meningeal space

Answer 41

subarachnoid

Question 42

which of the following are true regarding the spinal cord 1. it extends from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebrae body 2. the cord gives rise to 12 pairs of spinal nerves 3. the pia mater is a protective membrane in contact with the cord

Answer 42

1 and 3

Question 43

a hematoma occurring after a blunt head injury to the frontal or occipital area is probably a

Answer 43

subdural hematoma

Question 44

what term denotes a rapid shift of the brain within the cranium and striking the adjacent wall resulting in

Answer 44

concussion

Question 45

brain metastases have a primary source from which two areas

Answer 45

lung, breast

Question 46

a viral inflammation of the meninges is called

Answer 46

meningitis

Question 47

severe malformation in which there is absence of the cranial vault

Answer 47

anencephalus

Question 48

inflammation of the brain

Answer 48

encephalitis

Question 49

hydrocephalus in only the ventricles

Answer 49

internal hydrocephaly

Question 50

impairment of the cerebral circulation

Answer 50

cerebrovascular accident

Question 51

exceedingly small head

Answer 51

microcephaly

Question 52

also known as external hydrocephalus

Answer 52

external hydrocephaly

Question 53

protrusion of the cord through the meninges

Answer 53

myelocele

Question 54

collection of pus between the skull and the underlying dura mater

Answer 54

epidural abscess

Question 55

commonly referred to as a stroke

Answer 55

cerebrovascular accident

Question 56

inflammation of the leptomeninges

Answer 56

meningitis

Question 57

escape of blood from the vessels into the cranial vault

Answer 57

hemorrhage

Question 58

diencephalon

Answer 58

hypothalamus

Question 59

most common head injury

Answer 59

concussion

Question 60

common complication of an empyema

Answer 60

osteomyelitis

Question 61

bruises on the surface of the brain

Answer 61

contusion

Question 62

benign form of glioma

Answer 62

astrocytoma

Question 63

meninges and spinal cord herniate through a spinal defect

Answer 63

myelomeningocele

Question 64

protrusion of the meninges through a spinal defect

Answer 64

meningocele

Question 65

most commonly caused by spread of infection from the sinuses

Answer 65

empyema

Question 66

primary spinal neoplasm

Answer 66

neurofibroma