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S4: Radiographic Pathology > Chapter 9 WB > Flashcards

Chapter 9 WB Flashcards

1
Q

the pathologic condition that refers to dilation of the ventricular system is called

A

hydrocephaly

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2
Q

the heart rate is controlled by which nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

list the three systems that make up the nervous system

A

central, peripheral, and autonomic

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4
Q

what is another name for the central nervous system

A

cerebrospinal system

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5
Q

what are the two main components of the central nervous sytem

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

the cells of the nervous system are called

A

neurons

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7
Q

list the three divisions of the brain

A

cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum

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8
Q

what is formed in the ventricles of the brain

A

CSF

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9
Q

name the three meninges in order from innermost to outermost

A

pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater

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10
Q

the arachnoid and the pia mater together are called the

A

pia-arachnoid or leptomeninges

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11
Q

name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

what happens to the patient’s brain if pressure from hydrocephalus is not relieved

A

brain may herniate toward foramen magnum

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13
Q

what are the two types of shunts used in treatments of hydrocephalus

A

ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal

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14
Q

a common malformation in which the posterior arches and spinous processes of some vertebrae fail to close or are absent is known as

A

spina bifida

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15
Q

when the malformation of the vertebrae is limited to the neural arch, the condition is called

A

spina bifida

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16
Q

list the three conditions that may coexist with a spina bifida

A

meningocele, myelocele, and myelomingocele

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17
Q

where do most cerebral aneurysms occur

A

circle of Willis

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18
Q

sixty percent of all strokes are due to

A

emboli

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19
Q

name the four types of hematomas

A

subarachnoid, intracerebral or intraparenchymal, epidural or extradural, and subdural

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20
Q

a complication of an empyema is

A

osteomyelitis

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21
Q

benign gliomas are called

A

astrocytoma

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22
Q

which two intracranial tumors can affect sight

A

pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngioma

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23
Q

what is the hallmark sign of neurofibromas

A

foraminal widening

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24
Q

blood and cerebrospinal fluid mix to create this sign, which is indicative of a basilar skull fracture. what is the name of the sign

A

halo sign

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25
Q

T/F: the most common brain hemorrhage is the subdural

A

true

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26
Q

T/F: the ventricular system of the brain consists of four ventricles

A

true

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27
Q

T/F: the epidural space is between the dura mater and the vertebral canal

A

true

28
Q

T/F: the most common primary brain tumor is a meningioma

A

false

29
Q

T/F: if the patient presents with tumors or herniated disks, an ultrasound is performed

A

false

30
Q

T/F: three major causes of stroke are thrombus, embolism, and hemorrhage

A

true

31
Q

T/F: spina bifida with meningeal protrusion is referred to as myelocele

A

false

32
Q

T/F: CT is currently the method of choice for demonstrating spinal cord abscesses and neoplasms

A

true

33
Q

which of the following is not a type of skull fracture

A

hangman

34
Q

which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

subarachnoid

35
Q

trace the path of the cerebrospinal fluid

A

lateral ventricles to foramen of Monro to third ventricle to aqueduct of Sylvius to fourth ventricle to foramina of Luschka and Magendie to subarachnoid space

36
Q

which of the following is not a membrane covering the brain

A

epidura

37
Q

the anterior and inferior horns are part of which of the following

A

lateral ventricles

38
Q

the third and fourth ventricles are connected by

A

aqueduct of Sylvius

39
Q

how many ventricles are present in the brain

A

4

40
Q

in the adult, the spinal cord ends

A

at L1-L2

41
Q

cerebrospinal fluid circulates primarily in which meningeal space

A

subarachnoid

42
Q

which of the following are true regarding the spinal cord
1. it extends from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebrae body
2. the cord gives rise to 12 pairs of spinal nerves
3. the pia mater is a protective membrane in contact with the cord

A

1 and 3

43
Q

a hematoma occurring after a blunt head injury to the frontal or occipital area is probably a

A

subdural hematoma

44
Q

what term denotes a rapid shift of the brain within the cranium and striking the adjacent wall resulting in

A

concussion

45
Q

brain metastases have a primary source from which two areas

A

lung, breast

46
Q

a viral inflammation of the meninges is called

A

meningitis

47
Q

severe malformation in which there is absence of the cranial vault

A

anencephalus

48
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

49
Q

hydrocephalus in only the ventricles

A

internal hydrocephaly

50
Q

impairment of the cerebral circulation

A

cerebrovascular accident

51
Q

exceedingly small head

A

microcephaly

52
Q

also known as external hydrocephalus

A

external hydrocephaly

53
Q

protrusion of the cord through the meninges

A

myelocele

54
Q

collection of pus between the skull and the underlying dura mater

A

epidural abscess

55
Q

commonly referred to as a stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident

56
Q

inflammation of the leptomeninges

A

meningitis

57
Q

escape of blood from the vessels into the cranial vault

A

hemorrhage

58
Q

diencephalon

A

hypothalamus

59
Q

most common head injury

A

concussion

60
Q

common complication of an empyema

A

osteomyelitis

61
Q

bruises on the surface of the brain

A

contusion

62
Q

benign form of glioma

A

astrocytoma

63
Q

meninges and spinal cord herniate through a spinal defect

A

myelomeningocele

64
Q

protrusion of the meninges through a spinal defect

A

meningocele

65
Q

most commonly caused by spread of infection from the sinuses

A

empyema

66
Q

primary spinal neoplasm

A

neurofibroma

S4: Radiographic Pathology (34 decks)

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