Chapter 6 Key Terms

Question 1

Bacteriuria

Answer 1

the presence of bacteria in urine

Question 2

Bifid system

Answer 2

two of any part of the urinary system; it can include a double renal pelvis and/or ureter

Question 3

Dysuria

Answer 3

difficulty in pain or urination

Question 4

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Answer 4

focused shock waves to disintegrate renal stones

Question 5

Glomerulonephritis (Bright disease)

Answer 5

renal disease characterized by inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, which are not the result of an infection

Question 6

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 6

congenital anomaly where the lower poles of each kidney are fused by a band that extends across the midline of the body

Question 7

Hydronephrosis

Answer 7

the result of some obstruction in the ureter or renal pelvis

Question 8

Hypernephroma (Grawitz)

Answer 8

malignant tumor arises from renal tubule cells, destroying the kidney and invading the blood vessels, in particular the renal vein and inferior vena cava

Question 9

Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

Answer 9

this malignant tumor occurs in children under the age of 5 years; found deep within the flank

Question 10

Nephron

Answer 10

a long convoluted tubular structure that is the functional unit of the kidney

Question 11

Nephroptosis

Answer 11

a floating kidney, which occurs when the kidney is not fixed to the peritoneum

Question 12

Nephrosis

Answer 12

degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium

Question 13

Nocturia

Answer 13

excessive urination at night

Question 14

Polycystic renal disease

Answer 14

a progressive disease characterized by formation of multiple cysts of different sizes scattered throughout both kidneys

Question 15

Pyelonephritis

Answer 15

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

Question 16

Pyuria

Answer 16

presence of pus in the urine

Question 17

Renal agenesis

Answer 17

total failure of a kidney to develop

Question 18

Renal calculi

Answer 18

stones that form anywhere in the urinary system

Question 19

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 19

hypernephroma

Question 20

Renal ectopia

Answer 20

condition of a misplaced kidney, usually found in the pelvis

Question 21

Renal failure

Answer 21

impairment of renal function, with retention of urea, creatinine, and other waste

Question 22

Struvite calculi

Answer 22

a type of calculus in which the crystal component consists of magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 23

Ureterocele

Answer 23

cyst-like dilatations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder

Question 24

Uric

Answer 24

relating to urine; uric stones contain uric acid, which are white crystals that are hard to dissolve and are found in urine

Question 25

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 25

backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter