Chapter 3 Key Terms Flashcards
Alveoli
plural of alveolus; when pertaining to the pulmonary system, the alveolus is a thin-walled, saclike terminal dilation of the respiratory bronchiole
Asthma
inflammation disease of the lungs which is usually reversible; the airway is narrowed causing difficulty in breathing
Atelectasis
reduction or absence of air in a part of the lung or in the entire lung
Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by inflammation or an obstruction
Bronchitis
acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes
Bronchogenic carcinoma
squamous cell or oat cell cancer that comes from the mucosa of the large bronchi; it may cause a bronchial obstruction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of pathologies that obstruct the airway making it increasingly difficult to breathe; usually comprised of chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema
Croup
bronchitis of the larynx and trachea in infants and toddlers that is caused by the parainfluenza virus
Cystic fibrosis
a congenital metabolic disorder that affects the pancreas causing mucus obstruction of the bile ducts and bronchi
Emphysema
an increase in the size of the alveoli through trapped air causing destructive changes in the walls and reduction of the number of the alveoli
Hamartoma
an abnormal development of tissue that resembles a neoplasm but is actually not a tumor
Perfusion
the flow of blood per unit volume of tissue
Pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural cavity that is caused by inflammation
Pneumoconiosis
inhalation of certain dusts that causes inflammation leading to fibrosis of the lungs
Pneumonia
when the lung parenchyma becomes inflamed, the alveoli are filled with exudate
Pneumothorax
air or gas in the pleural cavity
Pulmonary edema
fluid in the lung tissues (not in the vascular system) usually caused by mitral valve stenosis
Pulmonary emboli
embolism in the pulmonary arteries that frequently come from the leg or pelvis following a surgery or confinement to bed
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; ARDS, adult RDS)
a condition that occurs primarily in premature infants who are born with insufficient surfactant in the lungs, causing the alveoli to collapse
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
a virus that can cause a minor respiratory infection in adults but a more serious infection in young children; severe bronchitis and bronchopneumonia are commonly caused by the RSV in children
Tuberculosis (TB)
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this opportunistic infection affects most often the lung tissue but can affect almost any tissue
