Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

Abscess

Answer 1

localized collection of pus and necrotic tissue

Question 2

Altered tissue growth (or growth disturbance)

Answer 2

it is a departure from normal tissue growth caused by multiplication of cells

Question 3

Anoxia

Answer 3

absence or almost complete absence of oxygen

Question 4

Atrophy

Answer 4

a wasting away of tissue, organs, or the entire body

Question 5

Benign neoplasm

Answer 5

noncancerous tumor

Question 6

Congenital

Answer 6

existing at birth

Question 7

Congestion

Answer 7

increase blood supply at the site of injury caused by vasodilation

Question 8

Degeneration

Answer 8

deterioration

Question 9

Diagnosis

Answer 9

the determination of the nature of a disease

Question 10

Differentiation

Answer 10

the possession of one or more characteristics or functions different from that of the original type of tissue

Question 11

Disease

Answer 11

any abnormal change of the function or structure within the body

Question 12

Embolus

Answer 12

a mass occluding a vessel usually thought of as a blood clot

Question 13

Endogenous

Answer 13

infection caused by an agent already present in the body

Question 14

Etiology

Answer 14

the science and study of the causes of disease

Question 15

Exogenous

Answer 15

originating or produced outside the organism

Question 16

Exudate

Answer 16

thick cloudy fluid full of live and dead protein

Question 17

Frequency

Answer 17

rate of occurrence of a pathologic process

Question 18

Functional disease

Answer 18

disease that alters function of the organ

Question 19

Grading

Answer 19

classification of the degree of malignancy

Question 20

Growth disturbance (or altered growth disturbance)

Answer 20

it is a departure from normal tissue growth caused by multiplication of cells

Question 21

Hereditary

Answer 21

transmitted by parent to offspring through germ cells

Question 22

Hyperplasia

Answer 22

exaggerated response to stimuli causing an increase in number of cells

Question 23

Hypertrophy

Answer 23

increase in the size of an organ

Question 24

Hypoxia

Answer 24

decrease of oxygen to below normal levels

Question 25

Iatrogenic

Answer 25

unfavorable response that is induced by the treatment for another process

Question 26

Idiopathic

Answer 26

of unknown cause

Question 27

Incidence

Answer 27

number of persons falling ill with a specific disease in a given time frame

Question 28

Infarct

Answer 28

an area of necrotic tissue

Question 29

Infections

Answer 29

invasion of the body with organisms that have potential to cause disease

Question 30

Inflammation

Answer 30

response of tissue to injury or destruction

Question 31

Invasion

Answer 31

a method of metastasis to occur; direct extension of neoplastic cells into surrounding tissue

Question 32

Ischemia

Answer 32

deficiency of oxygen and blood in the muscle

Question 33

Lesions

Answer 33

pathologic change in tissue

Question 34

Malignant neoplasm

Answer 34

cancerous tumor

Question 35

Manifestations

Answer 35

observed changes of the patient due to disease

Question 36

Metaplasia

Answer 36

transformation of a differentiated tissue into an abnormal tissue

Question 37

Metastasis

Answer 37

spread of diseased cells from one location to another

Question 38

Morbidity rate

Answer 38

proportion of people in a population with a given disease in a given time frame

Question 39

Mortality rate

Answer 39

estimate of number of population that will die from a disease during a specific period of time

Question 40

Necrosis

Answer 40

death of cells in an injured area

Question 41

Neoplasia

Answer 41

abnormal tissue growth by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal

Question 42

Nosocomial

Answer 42

new process associated with being treated in a hospital

Question 43

Pathogenesis

Answer 43

sequence of events that renders the disease apparent

Question 44

Pathology

Answer 44

science concerned with all aspects of disease

Question 45

Phagocytosis

Answer 45

engulfing microbiological organisms by phagocytes in order to neutralize and destroy injurious agents

Question 46

Prevalence

Answer 46

refers to the number of people who have a given pathologic process

Question 47

Procedures

Answer 47

an act or treatment conducted to make a diagnosis

Question 48

Prognosis

Answer 48

a forecast of the probable course or outcome of a disease

Question 49

Purulent

Answer 49

containing pus

Question 50

Signs

Answer 50

abnormality indicative of disease that is discovered by the patient

Question 51

Staging

Answer 51

description of the extent of involvement of a disease process

Question 52

Structural disease

Answer 52

physical and biochemical changes within the cell that alter the organ

Question 53

Sublethal cell injury

Answer 53

injury to a cell that does not cause it to die

Question 54

Suppurative inflammation

Answer 54

an inflammation that exudes pus

Question 55

Symptoms

Answer 55

departure from the normal as experienced by the patient

Question 56

Tests

Answer 56

method to determine the presence or absence of a disease in fluid, tissue, or excretions of the body

Question 57

Thrombus

Answer 57

a clot in the cardiovascular system

Question 58

Transudate

Answer 58

fluid that has passed through a normal membrane as a result of an imbalance of osmotic pressure

Question 59

Trauma

Answer 59

refers to a physical injury, but can be a mental injury