Chapter 2 WB Flashcards
name the type of fracture that occurs at sites of maximum stress but without trauma
fatigue (or march/stress) fracture
what is the condition when a vertebra takes on the appearance of the one above or below it?
transitional vertebra
what type of fracture may accompany a dislocated shoulder?
avulsion or chip fracture
what type of cell is associated with absorption and removal of bone?
osteoclasts
name the two divisions of the skeleton
axial and appendicular
radiography is not as sensitive to bone destruction as which modality?
NM
at least _____% of the bone is destroyed before radiography shows visible changes
30-50%
giant cell tumors are also known as
osteoclastomas
what type of fracture causes the cortex to fold back onto itself?
torus
which primary malignant tumor is really of the blood plasma cells and not of bone tissue itself?
multiple myeloma
T/F: a “sail sign” is indicative of an injured elbow
true
T/F: CT can reveal lesions, fractures, bone mineralization, and soft tissue involvement
true
T/F: osteoblasts are the bone reabsorber cells of the body
false (osteoclasts)
T/F: a Smith fracture is of the distal radius with forward displacement
true
T/F: in fibrous dysplasia, the radiograph shows a well-circumscribed lesion with thin bands of sclerosis
true
T/F: nuclear medicine studies can demonstrate the joint space, menisci, ligaments, and cartilage
false (CT and MRI)
T/F: sacralization occurs when L5 fuses with the sacrum
true
T/F: ossification is the process of bone replacing hyaline cartilage
true
T/F: areas of dead bone are termed callus
false (sequestrum)
T/F: primary bone malignancies are the most common type of bone tumor found
false (metastatic bone tumors)
T/F: bursitis is caused by excess stress on the joint
true
T/F: DXA is a type of bone scan that will show infections
false
neoplastic bone changes involve
a combination of benign tumors, malignant tumors, and diffuse disease
an abnormal decrease in bone density resulting from failure of the osteoblasts to produce bone is called
osteoporosis
a fracture that involves the pulling loose of bone by a ligament or tendon is called
avulsion
if the bone fragment pierces the overlying skin, the fracture is said to be
compound
the substance that grows between the ends of bone fragments and is eventually changed into osseous tissue in the healing process is known as
callus
a transverse fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the fragment is called
Colles
a fracture that results from disease is known as
pathologic
arthritis characterized by inflammation and thickening of the synovial membrane, swelling, joint dysfunction, and bilateral joint involvement is known as
rheumatoid arthritis
a malignant neoplastic disease occurring in young children is
Ewing sarcoma
what type of fracture occurs when one fragment end is driven up into the other fragment end as in a telescope?
impacted
aging and postmenopausal hormonal changes are the major cause of
osteoporosis
this fracture involves the medial and lateral malleoli of the ankle with dislocation
Pott
which of the following lines the marrow cavity?
endosteum
which is not a manifestation of achondroplasia?
normal size extremities
compression fractures of the thoracic spine and fractures of the hip are common in women with
osteoporosis
which is a type of chondroma?
exostosis
which is not a type of fracture?
Pott
the term used when fractures are placed in as close to normal position as possible after a fracture is
reduction
which statement is incorrect?
1. rickets is a metabolic bone disease
2. osteopetrosis is a marble bone disease
3. impaction relates to a bone that is splintered
4. skull sutures are synarthrodial joints
rickets is a metabolic bone disease
when the “sail sign” is seen on a lateral radiograph of a traumatized elbow
fracture should be suspected
inflammation of the vertebrae would be referred to as
spondylitis
a stellate fracture appears like
a star-shaped depression
which of the following shows blurred bilateral SI joints and a “bamboo” spine?
rheumatoid spondylitis
fracture of the base of the first metacarpal
Bennett
flattened femoral head is associated with this
Legg-Calve-Perthes
brittle bone disease
OI
separation of the tuberosity from the tibia
Osgood-Schlatter
caused by vitamin deficiency
osteomalacia
marble bone disease
osteopetrosis
partial dislocation
subluxation
infection of the bone and the marrow
osteomyelitis
fracture where the two ends are pressed toward the middle
compression
most common type of arthritis
osteoarthritis
most common primary malignant bone tumor
multiple myeloma
abnormal decrease in bone density due to lack of calcium
osteomalacia
failure of cartilage to form properly leading to short stature
achondroplasia
associated with kidney stones owing to calcium excreted in urine
osteoporosis
also called Paget disease
osteitis deformans
benign tumor from the cortex of bone and capped by cartilage
osteochondroma
may be misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
classic appearance of “bubbles”
osteoclastoma
classic appearance of “rugger jersey” spine
osteodystrophy
classic appearance of “Swiss cheese” skull
multiple myeloma
classic appearance of “cotton wool” skull
osteitis deformans
classic appearance of “spurring” at joint space
osteoarthritis
most common nonarthritic joint ailment
bursitis
leads to boutonniere or swan-neck deformity
rheumatoid arthritis
fracture with multiple fragments
communited
“chip” fracture that can occur with dislocations
avulsion
