Chapter 10 Key Terms

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

hypersecretion of the growth hormone after adulthood and results in abnormal enlargement of the extremities

Question 2

Addison disease (adrenocortical insufficiency)

Answer 2

uncommon condition characterized by insufficient production of adrenocortical hormones

Question 3

Cushing syndrome

Answer 3

adrenal hyperplasia caused by ACTH secreting adenoma of the pituitary

Question 4

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

a rare type of diabetes caused by the kidney’s failure to reabsorb water due to deficient antidiuretic hormone

Question 5

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

results from a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism; the cause is believed to be failure of the pancreas to secrete adequate insulin

Question 6

Exophthalmos

Answer 6

protrusion of the eyes caused by edema associated with hyperthyroidism

Question 7

Goiter

Answer 7

enlargement of the thyroid gland causing a swelling in the front of the neck

Question 8

Graves disease

Answer 8

also known as hyperthyroidism

Question 9

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 9

excess thyroid hormone that usually occurs in women between the ages of 30 and 40 years

Question 10

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 10

increased secretion of the parathyroid hormone

Question 11

Hypopituitarism

Answer 11

results from a deficiency of the growth hormone; in children it results in dwarfism and in adults it results in Simmonds disease

Question 12

Hypothyroidism

Answer 12

undersecretion of the thyroid hormone

Question 13

Myxedema

Answer 13

condition of nonpitting edema associated with hypothyroidism

Question 14

Neuroblastoma

Answer 14

a tumor of the adrenal medulla affecting children under the age of 5 years

Question 15

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 15

benign neoplasm that most commonly arises in the adrenal medulla

Question 16

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 16

caused by the parathyroid gland secreting excess parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Progeria

Answer 17

normal development in the first year followed by retardation of growth, and a senile appearance characterized by dry, wrinkled skin, total alopecia, and birdlike facial features

Question 18

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 18

excess parathyroid hormone is secreted because of some influence on the parathyroid gland rather than from something being wrong with the glands themselves

Question 19

Simmonds syndrome

Answer 19

trauma or inflammation (including tumors) of the anterior pituitary lobe creating insufficiency of hormone secretions

Question 20

Thyroid adenoma

Answer 20

benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland; it is rarely symptomatic but palpable