Chapter 8 Key Terms

Question 1

Anastomosis

Answer 1

a natural communication between two tubular structures created either surgically or through disease

Question 2

Aneurysm

Answer 2

dilation of an artery due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall

Question 3

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

hardening of the arteries due to calcium deposits and plaque buildup

Question 4

Atherosclerosis

Answer 4

irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the lumen of arteries

Question 5

Cardiac dilation

Answer 5

references to any enlargement to the ventricles or atria of the heart

Question 6

Cardiac heterotaxia

Answer 6

the heart is a mirror image of a normal heart, with the chambers and great vessels being reversed

Question 7

Cardiomegaly

Answer 7

enlargement of the heart as a whole, not just a ventricle and/or atrium

Question 8

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 8

a broad term to describe any disease process of the heart and/or the blood vessels or the circulation

Question 9

Coarctation

Answer 9

a constriction or stenosis in particular relating to the aorta

Question 10

Congestive heart failure

Answer 10

failure of the heart to supply adequate amount of blood to maintain circulation

Question 11

Dextrocardia

Answer 11

displacement of the heart to the right side of the body

Question 12

Dyspnea

Answer 12

shortness of breath; difficulty breathing and is usually associated with diseases of the heart or lungs

Question 13

Endocarditis

Answer 13

inflammation of the endocardium (lining of the heart)

Question 14

Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 14

refers to heart conditions that arise from hypertension

Question 15

Incompetent

Answer 15

incapable of performing the required function even though the anatomy required is present

Question 16

Insufficient

Answer 16

anatomical features required to perform a function are not adequate

Question 17

Myocardial infarction

Answer 17

necrosis of an area of the heart muscle, most often caused by an occluded coronary artery

Question 18

Pericardial effusion

Answer 18

increased amount of fluid in the sac around the heart (pericardium); may be due to inflammation

Question 19

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 19

disease of the heart caused by rheumatic fever; the valves of the heart are most affected

Question 20

Septal defects

Answer 20

defects in the septum in the heart; particularly referring to openings between the atria or the ventricles

Question 21

Shunts

Answer 21

a bypass of fluid from one area to another

Question 22

Situs inversus

Answer 22

reversal of position or location; referring to the organs of the body when their positions are a mirror image of normal

Question 23

Stenosis

Answer 23

a stricture or narrowing of any canal, but especially a narrowing of a cardiac valve or blood vessel

Question 24

Thrombus

Answer 24

a clot in the cardiovascular system

Question 25

Valvular disease

Answer 25

any process that changes the structure or function of the valves of the heart, causing other pathologies to exist