Chapter 11 WB

Question 1

a reaction due to fear of the examination is known as what type of reaction?

Answer 1

vasomotor

Question 2

when a moderate reaction to contrast occurs, what drug is given first?

Answer 2

diphenhydramine (benadryl, antihistamine)

Question 3

name the two negative contrast media that can be used

Answer 3

air and carbon dioxide

Question 4

these two negative contrasts are not to be used in the vascular system because they can cause an

Answer 4

emboli

Question 5

name the only inert contrast medium

Answer 5

barium

Question 6

name the three reasons iodine is used in soluble contrast material

Answer 6

readily available, nonmetallic atomic number, and is easily exchangeable with other ions

Question 7

use of a positive contrast medium _____ the organ density by using a substance with a _____ atomic number

Answer 7

increases; high

Question 8

negative contrast media use a substance with a _____ atomic number to _____ the density of the organ

Answer 8

low; decrease

Question 9

what must be obtained before injecting a patient with a contrast medium?

Answer 9

allergy history

Question 10

in radiography, contrast means _____ difference

Answer 10

density

Question 11

name four possible complications resulting from the use of barium

Answer 11

aspiration, perforation, sepsis, and shock

Question 12

a patient who is flushed and has nausea is probably having a _____ reaction

Answer 12

mild

Question 13

what laboratory value should be checked before any renal study with contrast media?

Answer 13

BUN, creatine

Question 14

what chemical compound is eliminated and replaced with a hydroxyl group to obtain low osmolality contrast media?

Answer 14

carboxyl group

Question 15

how much iodine concentration is needed for adequate opacity on radiographs?

Answer 15

300 mg/mL

Question 16

what are two preexisting conditions that may be an indication of the patient experiencing and adverse reaction to contrast media?

Answer 16

food allergy and history of asthma (or renal insufficiency and cardiac disease)

Question 17

name the seven characteristics which should be addressed before choosing a contrast medium

Answer 17

viscosity, type of ionic salt, iodine content, miscibility, persistence, toxicity, and osmolality

Question 18

ionic monomers have _____ iodine atoms and _____ particles in solution for osmolality

Answer 18

3; 2

Question 19

T/F: contrast media are pharmaceuticals

Answer 19

true

Question 20

T/F: radiolucents decrease organ density

Answer 20

true

Question 21

T/F: ultrasound uses radionuclides

Answer 21

false

Question 22

T/F: air as a contrast medium can cause an embolus

Answer 22

true

Question 23

T/F: radiopaques are also called negative contrast media

Answer 23

false

Question 24

T/F: all soluble positive contrast media contain some form of iodine

Answer 24

true

Question 25

T/F: a characteristic of radionuclides is the emission of radiation

Answer 25

true

Question 26

T/F: iodine is easily exchangeable with other ions

Answer 26

true

Question 27

T/F: all positive contrast media are absorbed by the body

Answer 27

false