Chapter 4 Key Terms

Question 1

Achalasia

Answer 1

failure to relax such as sphincters that open into other organs (cardia, sphincter of Oddi)

Question 2

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular epithelium

Question 3

Aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)

Answer 3

pertains to a colon that has a congenital absence of ganglions that cause loss of peristalsis, as a result, the colon enlarges (mega)

Question 4

Atresia

Answer 4

congenital absence of an opening or an open lumen

Question 5

Barrett esophagus

Answer 5

chronic peptic ulceration of the lower esophagus resulting from chronic esophagitis

Question 6

Bezoar

Answer 6

a ball of matter located in the alimentary canal; it is classified by the type of material that forms the ball, phytobezoar is a food ball; trichobezoar is a hairball; trichophytobezoar is a hair and vegetable fiber mixed ball

Question 7

Crohn disease

Answer 7

regional enteritis

Question 8

Diverticula

Answer 8

this is the plural of diverticulum; diverticula are herniation of mucosa and submucosa of the major muscle layers of the colon

Question 9

Fistula

Answer 9

an abnormal passage from one surface of epithelium area to another; it can be either congenital or acquired

Question 10

Gastritis

Answer 10

inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach

Question 11

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 11

a syndrome of chronic epigastric pain due to reflux of acid gastric juice into the lower esophageal sphincter; it may lead to Barrett esophagus

Question 12

Hernia

Answer 12

protrusion of a part through the tissues that would normally contain it

Question 13

Hiatal hernia

Answer 13

protrusion of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm; there are two types, sliding esophageal and paraesophageal

Question 14

Intussusception

Answer 14

the telescoping of one segment of the bowel into another

Question 15

Leiomyoma

Answer 15

a benign smooth muscle tumor

Question 16

Mechanical small bowel obstruction (MSBO)

Answer 16

obstruction of the bowel due to some structural cause such as adhesions, stones, tumors, etc.

Question 17

Meckel diverticulum

Answer 17

the remains of the yolk stalk of the embryo persists on the ileum of the adult instead of being absorbed into the bowel wall after birth

Question 18

Paralytic ileus (adynamic ileus)

Answer 18

obstruction of the bowel due to paralysis of the bowel wall causing failure of peristalsis

Question 19

Peristaltic asynchrony

Answer 19

esophageal motility becomes tertiary contractions

Question 20

Pulsion diverticula

Answer 20

a diverticula that was caused by pressure from inside of the lumen

Question 21

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 21

a narrowing of the pylorus that occurs either congenitally or is acquired

Question 22

Regional enteritis

Answer 22

idiopathic chronic enteritis of the terminal ileum; there are deep ulcers and narrowing and thickening of the bowel

Question 23

Schatzki ring

Answer 23

a radiographic demonstration of a narrow constriction that occurs at the distal esophagus with a sliding hiatal hernia

Question 24

Traction diverticula

Answer 24

a diverticula that is formed from a pulling force from outside the lumen of the distal esophagus

Question 25

Ulcer

Answer 25

a lesion that penetrates a cutaneous or mucosal surface and is accompanied by inflammation

Question 26

Valsalva (maneuver)

Answer 26

a forced exhalation or strain causing the venous return to the right atrium to the impeded; this study is done to study cardiovascular effects or to determine hiatal hernias

Question 27

Varices

Answer 27

the plural of varix, varices are dilated veins that become enlarged and tortuous

Question 28

Volvulus

Answer 28

a twisting of the bowel that will cause an obstruction