Chapter 9 Note Cards Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
Who - Andrew Jackson, “Old Hickory”
What - DEMOCRAT; was a delegate at the Tennessee Constitutional Convention; was a senator; was a judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court; slave owner; won at the Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812); became president (1829); Hostile towards Native Americans
When - Born 1767
Where - Lived in Tennessee
Why - N/A
Daniel Webster
Who - Daniel Webster
What - A conservative delegate who opposed democratic changes within the voting system; Webster-Hayne Debate
When - 1820s
Where - Massachusetts
Why - Radical delegates were complaining that the rich were better able to vote than the poor in Massachusetts, and people like Webster argued that the requirements were fair enough
Dorr Rebellion
Who - Thomas W. Dorr
What - People had begun to set up a new government with Dorr as governor, so RI now had 2 governments; the old gov began to imprison the Dorrites, so the latter attempted (and failed) to capture the state arsenal
When - 1842
Where - Rhode Island
Why - In RI at the time (1840), the constitution made it so that less than half of the adult males of the state could vote; Dorr formed a “People’s Party,” drafting a new constitution which was largely approved of but the existing legislature wouldn’t accept it & submitted its own contribution (which was narrowly defeated); resulted in the old guard drafting a new constitution
Democrats
Who - Andrew Jackson
What - Embraced no clear ideological position; “equal protection and equal benefits” to all male white citizens
When - 1800s
Where - US
Why - Important because it was a firm commitment to the subjugation of African- and Native-Americans
Spoils System
Who - Utilized by Andrew Jackson
What - Meant that elected officials could appoint their own followers to public office
When - 1820s up
Where - US
Why - Led to lots of scandal and corruption, but was meant to add a variety of people
Whigs
Who - Below
What - People who were anti Andrew Jackson; meant that there was now a two-party system
When - 1830s
Where - US
Why - The election of Jackson in 1828; “Parties of some sort must exist” - NY newspaper
Nullification
Who - John C. Calhoun
What - Argued that since the federal gov was created by the states, the states were therefore the final “arbiters” or the constitutionality of federal laws
When - 1800s
Where - US
Why - Helped him meet the challenge of secession in his home state; offered an alternative to secession
Webster-Hayne Debate
Who - Daniel Webster (Whig), Robert Y. Hayne (from SC)
What - Hayne argued that the West and the South were “victims of the tyranny of the Northeast”; Webster attacked him the next day; debate grew into states’ rights versus national power; resulted in Webster’s iconic “Second Reply to Hayne”
When - January, 1830
Where - US
Why - Hayne was trying to attract support from westerners in Congress
Five Civilized Tribes
Who - Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, & Choctaw
What - Tribes that had established complex societies and economies; the US was after their lands, and went to great lengths to acquire them
When - 1830s
Where - Western Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida
Why - Led to the “Removal Act”
Removal Act
Who - Congress, Andrew Jackson
What - Finance federal negotiations with the Five Civilized Tribes to have them relocate west;federal officials negotiated many treaties with the remaining tribes (some were too weak to resist, other balked); Cherokee appealed to the Supreme Court, but it did little to help them
When - 1830
Where - Southern US
Why - The US wanted the tribes’ land
Indian Territory
Who - N/A
What - The end goal of the Trail of Tears
When - Winter of 1838
Where - Later became Oklahoma
Why - The native people were being forced out of their lands by the American government to this territory
Trail of Tears
Who - Walked by Cherokees, enforced by Andrew Jackson
What - Forced relocation of the Cherokee people during which an eighth of the travelers died prior to reaching their destination
When - 1830 to 1838
Where - From Florida to the Indian Territory
Why - The removal Act allowed the army to escort the natives from THEIR lands to new lands because the US wanted more land for itself
Seminole War
Who - Chieftain Osceola (Seminole), a group of runaway black slaves helped them
What - They were the only natives to resist the relocation, as a minority stayed behind; staged an uprising to defend their lands; utilized guerilla warfare; government ended up abandoning the war, so the relocation was never complete
When - 1835 to 1842
Where - Florida
Why - The Seminole did not want to be removed from their lands, so they revolted
Bank War
Who - Andrew Jackson (against), Nicholas Biddle (against)
What - Andrew Jackson hated the federal bank; ended in the Bank being shut down and state banks taking over
When - 1830s
Where - US
Why - Jackson opposed federal power and aristocratic privilege
Nicholas Biddle
Who - Nicholas Biddle
What - President of the Bank of the United States from 1823 on
When - pres 1823
Where - US
Why - N/A
