Chapter 21 Note Cards Flashcards
Roosevelt Corollary
Who - Theodore Roosevelt
What - Done to the Monroe Doctrine; stated that the US had the right to intervene in Western affairs and also the affairs of its neighbors to maintain order
When - 1904
Where - US
Why - Immediate response to a crisis in the Dominican Republic
Dollar Diplomacy
Who - Philander C. Knox (Taft’s sec. of state)
What - Name given by critics to Knox’s policies; worked to extend US’s investments into regions that were less developed
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Better economy
Allies
Who - Anyone
What - Form alliances; link together & stand by one another; especially prevalent in WWI
When - Anytime, especially early 1900s
Where - Anywhere
Why - Strength
Central Powers
Who - Germany & Great Britain
What - The two primary power of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance
When - WWI (started 1914)
Where - Europe
Why - Germany’s ambitions
General John J. Pershing
Who - General John J. Pershing
What - Led US expeditionary force across Mexican border in pursuit of Pancho Villa ( didn’t find him); engaged in two fights with Mexico after crossing over; was eventually ordered to withdraw
When - 1917
Where - US / Mexico
Why - Ordered by Woodrow Wilson
Pancho Villa
Who - Pancho Villa
What - Worked with the US initially, but then the US abandoned him; in response, he killed numerous Americans; national hero in Mexico
When - 1910s
Where - Mexico
Why - Abandonment
Triple Alliance / Triple Entente
Who - Germany, Anglo-Hungarian Empire, Italy (Alliance); Great Britain, France, Russia (Entente)
What - Alliances during WWI; collapse of European peace
When - 1910s
Where - Europe
Why - Strength
Lusitania
Who - British ship
What - Passenger liner sunk by Germans, causing the deaths of 1,000+ people (roughly 100 of which were Americans); in response, Wilson demanded that Germany respect the neutral rights of the US
When - May 7, 1915
Where - Europe
Why - WWI
Zimmerman Telegram
Who - Arthur Zimmermann (German foreign minister)
What - Telegram sent to Mexico from Germany urging it to join the war to and go against the US to regain its “lost” territories; was published, building popular sentiment for war; one of the reasons the US joined WWI
When - 1917
Where - From Germany to Mexico, intercepted by Britain & passed onto the US
Why - Germany wanted more allies
American Expeditionary Force
Who - Woodrow Wilson (pres), Newton D. Baker (his sec. of war)
What - AKA “AEP”; American troops who were sent overseas for an extended period (the first ones)
When - 1917
Where - Europe
Why - Selective Service Act (drafted men into the army, more joined voluntarily); needed men for WWI
Trench Warfare
Who - People fighting in WWI
What - Primary form of fighting; limited ability to fight, but was necessary; people dug trenches to live / fight in
When - WWI
Where - Europe
Why - Response to power of machine guns & other heavy artillery; necessary for protection
Ludlow Massacre
Who - Western Federation of Miners
What - Coal workers (for John D. Rockefeller) walked out of their jobs; continued strike after being evicted from housing, so had to move to tents; state militia was called in, attacking the workers, killing 39 people (including children)
When - 1914
Where - Ludlow, CO
Why - Troops called in to “protect the mines”, but rather worked to break the strike
Great Migration
Who - African Americans
What - Migrations of African American into northern industrial cities; very important social change
When - During WWI
Where - South to North US
Why - To escape racism, poverty, violence; to experience jobs, live in black communities
The Fourteen Points
Who - Woodrow Wilson
What - 14 district provisions w/ 3 categories: 1) adjust postwar boundaries; 2) principles for governing international conduct; 3) proposal for a “league of nations” to enforce & implement
When - January 8, 1918
Where - US / Europe
Why - Made to present reasons that the US was fighting
League of Nations
Who - Allies; US, Britain, France, Italy, Japan; Woodrow Wilson
What - Nations that would meet regularly to keep peace; large triumph of Wilson
When - January 25, 1919
Where - World
Why - Resolve disputes, enforce principles, KEEP PEACE
Treaty of Versailles
Who - Participants in WWI
What - Peace treaty
When - Proposed by Woodrow to Senate 1919
Where - Final negotiations took place in Versailles, France; US / Europe
Why - End WWI
Marcus Garvey
Who - Marcus Garvey
What - Jamaican who attracted a following with his black nationalism ideology; responsible for the United Negro Improvement Association
When - Early 1900s to 1923, but his legacy lived on
Where - US
Why - To encourage black people to take pride in their heritage
Red Scare
Who - Scared of communists
What - American citizens feared communists; many bombings happened during the period; palmer raids; a lot of middle-class Americans responded by fighting against radicalism
When - 1919 to 1920, but its effects continued after
Where - US
Why - Response to the Soviets’ Communist International (made to export communism around the world)
United Negro Improvement Association
Who - Marcus Garvey
What - Established black-owned grocery stores & encouraged creation of other black-owned businesses
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Black nationalism
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Who - Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti (italian immigrants)
What - Charged for murder of a paymaster; evidence was questionable bu since they were both anarchists, they were presumed guilty; were sentenced to death by electric chair, still proclaiming innocence
When - May 1920 accused, 1927 killed
Where - Braintree, MA
Why - Prejudiced judge; influence of the Red Scare
Palmer Raids
Who - Orchestrated by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer & J. Edgar Hoover
What - Series of raid that resulted in the arrest of about 6,000 people & the deportation of roughly 500 people living in America who weren’t citizens; contributed to the Red Scare
When - 1920
Where - US
Why - Initially to uncover caches of weapons
Nineteenth Amendment
Who - Helped women
What - Granted women the right to vote
When - August 26, 1920
Where - US
Why - Women’s suffrage movement
