Chapter 5 Note Cards Flashcards
Olive Branch Petition
Who - Created by colonists
What - An appeal to the British king
When - 1775
Where - Colonies
Why - To try to end the disagreement between the British and American colonists
Second Continental Congress
Who - With delegates from every colony except GA
What - Came to the conclusion that they supported the war, but disagree on the purpose of said war
When - 1775
Where - State House in Philadelphia
Why - Discussed the war & what to make of it
Common Sense/Thomas Paine
Who - Thomas Paine, 38-year-old who emirates from England to America
What - Pamphlet that formulated ideas and influenced US ideals & basically said that England was not fit to rule America
When - Appeared January 1776
Where - N/A
Why - He wished to turned American anger towards the English king, not just Parliament
Prohibitory Act
Who - Put in place by the British
What - Closed colonies to all overseas trade
When - 1775
Where - Affected colonies
Why - Furthered British power over the colonists
American Patriots
Who - Colonists
What - People who opposed the British; were encouraged to not accept anything but independence by the Declaration
When - Throughout Revolutionary War
Where - Colonies
Why - N/A
Articles of Confederation
Who - Adopted by Congress
What - Said that the Continental Congress would be the chief coordinating agency of war & had limited powers over individual states; was largely unsuccessful
When - Adopted November 1771, ratified 1781
Where - Colonies
Why - Attempted to set up a central government
John Locke
Who - John Locke
What - Credited with “gov’t formed to protect rights of life, liberty, & property”; heavily influenced the development of the American gov’t and the Declaration of Independence
When - 1700s
Where - Ideals used in American gov’t
Why - N/A
George Washington
Who - George Washington
What - From VA, the commander in chief of the Continental army
When - Took command June 1775
Where - Colonies
Why - Was chosen due to his previous experience in the French & Indian war and overall respectability
Valley Forge
Who - Continental army led by Washington
What - Washington’s troops suffered severe starvation & losses
When - During winter of 1777-78
Where - Valley Forge
Why - Cold & harsh weather
Benedict Arnold
Who - Benedict Arnold
What - Attempted to take Quebec for the Americans, but failed; also a spy
When - Throughout Revolutionary War
Where - Colonies
Why - N/A
Hessians
Who - German mercenaries
What - The victims of Washington’s Christmas attack
When - Christmas night, 1776
Where - Trenton on Delaware River
Why - They were there as an outpost for the British
Saratoga
Who - Generals Gates (Patriot) & Burgoyne (British)
What - A turning point in the war in favor of Patriots;Gates surrounded Burgoyne after latter withdrew to Saratoga
When - Surrender October 17, 1777
Where - Saratoga, NY
Why - Led to a direct alliance between the US and France
Nathanael Greene
Who - Nathanael Greene
What - Was given southern command by Washington; managed to exhaust & lessen Cornwallis’s troops (stopped his Carolina campaign), leading to his eventual defeat
When - 1780
Where - Primarily southern colonies
Why - Was an extremely capable general, took over for Gates
Yorktown
Who - Washington, John Baptiste de Rochambeau, and de Grasse (colonists) vs Cornwallis
What - Troops caught Cornwallis & his men between land and sea, forcing them to surrender; final battle of the war
When - Surrendered October 19, 1781
Where - Yorktown
Why - N/A
Loyalists (Tories)
Who - People who stood by the kind throughout the Revolutionary War
What - Up to 100,000 fled from the US after the war
When - Fled after war
Where - From America to England
Why - They were harassed by Patriots
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What - An Enlightenment theorist who spread the idea of legal equality for all
When - 1700s
Where - He was a Swiss-French theorist
Why - N/A
Abigail Adams
Who - Abigail Adams
What - Wfie to John Adams, she wrote to him requesting that he help write gender equality into the laws
When - 1776
Where - US
Why - She wished for protection against abusive men and the like
Molly Pitcher
Who - Molly Pitcher
What - Carried pitchers of water to soldiers on the battlefield during the Revolutionary War; when her husband fell, she took his place at the gun
When - Revolutionary War
Where - US
Why - N/A
Republicanism
Who - People of America
What - Meant that all the power came from the people, not from a supreme authority
When - N/A
Where - US
Why - People believe that the success of a gov’t depends “on the nature of its citizenry
Northwest Ordinance
Who - US
What - Governed western settlement, created a single Northwest territory above Ohio
When - 1787
Where - Lands above Ohio
Why - Prevented slavery, specified that there had to be a minimum population of 60,000 for statehood, guaranteed religious freedom & trial by jury
Daniel Shays
Who - Daniel Shays
What - Former captain of the Continental Army, he began a rebellion against imprisonment for debts, tax relief, etc; the rebellion was crushed
When - 1786-87
Where - Massachusetts (Boston)
Why - Economic issues
