Chapter 31 Note Cards Flashcards
Ronald Reagan
Who - Ronald Reagan
What - New kind of conservatism that affected the US and soon other parts of the world
When - 1980 elected pres to 1988
Where - Was gov of CA; US
Why - He had personal popularity and was also an economic revival (both helped him gain support for his ideas)
Jimmy Carter
Who - Jimmy Carter
What - Democrat known for the informality he brought to the presidency as opposed to others’ “imperial style” (Nixon); campaigned based on honesty, piety
When - Pres 1976 election
Where - US
Why - Ppl were unhappy w/ Ford’s economy, so they voted for Carter
Camp David Accords
Who - Jimmy Carter, Anway Sadat (Egyptian pres), Menachem Begin (Israeli prime minister)
What - Begin & Sadat went to the White House to sign a formal peace treaty (known as Camp David Accords) after Carter invited the two to a summit conference at Camp David while he mediated the disputes
When - Signed March 26, 1979
Where - Camp David (MD); US
Why - Egypt & Israel were at war and when trying to make a peace treaty, negotiations stalled
Ayatollah Khomeini
Who - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
What - Religious leader of Iran
When - Late 1979
Where - Iran
Why - Became leader after initial shah fled the country
Sunbelt
Who - Term coined by Kevin Phillips
What - Increase in population that led to a change in political climate b/c of the South’s populist ideologies, producing progressive politics; lots of resistance against land restrictions, env laws, speed limit restrictions from ppl there
When - 1970s
Where - The Southeast & Southwest of US and CA
Why - N/A
New Right
Who - Conservative Christians
What - Coalition and revival of the right wing
When - Rapid growth in 1970s & early 1980s
Where - US
Why - Partly b/c a after Barry Goldwater’s crazy defeat in election of 1964, a conservative activist took a list of ppl who contributed to his campaign to create a fundraising organization, making right wing very funded; also contributed to by Ronald Reagan’s leadership
Neo-Conservatives
Who - Group of intellectuals
What - Main goal was to reaffirm anti-communist values & to stop “political correctness”; joined in an alliance w/ the New Right, but still had differences
When - Late 1960s through Reagan
Where - US
Why - Some used to be liberals & socialists but after “turmoil of the 1960s,” they became scared of what they’d done & thought of radical thinking as destabilizing to American life
Reaganomics
Who - Ronald Reagan
What - Reagan’s campaign included a mission to restore the economy via “supply-side economics” (aka Reaganomics); basically thought that the problem with the economy was taxes & that if we cut taxes people would use that excess income and pour it back into the economy; also involved cutting federal budget; lowered enforcement of environmental, civil rights, and emissions laws
When - 1980
Where - US
Why - Wanted to make the economy better
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Who - Ronald Reagan
What - Known as “Star Wars to some”; plan that used lasers & satellites to make a shield against incoming missiles & thus make nuclear war useless
When - 1980s
Where - US
Why - Didn’t happen b/c Soviet Union said it would make arms race much more dangerous & that any arms control agreement would have to start with the US abandoning this idea
Reagan Doctrine
Who - Reagan administration
What - Supported any nation against communism; meant new American activism in the Third World
When - 1980s
Where - US
Why - Ppl didn’t like communists
Glasnost
Who - Mikhail Gorbachev
What - Russian for openness - dismantling repressive practices in Soviet life
When - 1980s
Where - Soviet Union
Why - One of the two initiatives for Gorbachev to change Soviet Union politics
Mikhail Gorbachev
Who - Mikhail Gorbachev
What - Leader of Soviet Union who became one of the most revolutionary figures in several decades & contributed to the fall of the Soviet Empire
When - Leader 1985
Where - Soviet Union
Why - N/A
Perestroika
Who - Mikhail Gorbachev
What - Russian for reform - efforts to restructure Soviet economy by introducing elements of capitalism
When - 1985 through 1980s
Where - Soviet Union
Why - The second of Gorbachev’s two initiatives to change Soviet Union politics
Tiananmen Square
Who - Chinese students
What - Launched movement calling for greater democratization in May, but in June, strict leaders took control over the gov’t & sent military forces to crush the uprising; very bloody, killed an unknown number of people, successfully destroyed the movement; didn’t stop China’s efforts to modernize its economy
When - May to June 1989
Where - Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China
Why - Gorbachev (leader of Soviets) had begun to withdraw its communist influence in other countries, including China
George H. W. Bush
Who - George H. W. Bush
What - Reagan’s vice president turned Republican candidate for election; revealed a new aggressiveness of the Republican right
When - 1988 elected
Where - US
Why - Won b/c Michael Dukakis (Democratic candidate) was dull AND b/c Bush structured his campaign to attack Dukakis & tied him to all the unpopular “liberal” stances
Iran-Contra Scandal
Who - Reagan administration
What - White House admitted it sold arms to Iran in an effort to release American hostages & some of the money from the deal had been illegally funneled to aid contras in Nicaragua; more illegal activities were revealed; very damaging to Reagan presidency
When - November 1986
Where - US / Middle East
Why - Initially to release US hostages, but others revealed were to further foreign policy
Saddam Hussein
Who - Saddam Hussein
What - Militaristic leader of Iraq; attempted to annex Iraq but Bush administration stopped it, weakening – but not eliminating – Hussein regime
When - 1990
Where - Iraq
Why - N/A
Bill Clinton
Who - Bill Clinton
What - Won election of 1992 against Bush & third-party candidate Ross Perot
When - Election of 1992
Where - Gov of AK
Why - Ran b/c many Democrats didn’t want to run due to Bush’s popularity at the time
