Chapter 18 Note Cards Flashcards
Assimilation
Who - Immigrants
What - The bringing (and sometimes forcing) of immigrants into American culture
When - Late 1800s
Where - US
Why - Many foreigners were tied up with the idea of becoming “Americanized”
Jacob Riis
Who - Jacob Riis
What - Danish immigrant turned NY reporter & photographer who wrote a book about the live of people in tenements which shocked middle-class Americans
When - Published book in 1890
Where - Lived in NY
Why - Brought awareness to conditions in the tenements
Tenements
Who - Immigrants, poor people
What - Slum dwellings; often had multiple families & was rented
When - Late 1800s
Where - First ones in NYC
Why - Vital living spaces for people with little money
Alice Hamilton
Who - Alice Hamilton
What - Physician-turned-investigator for Bureau of Labor who documented the ways that pollution is harmful (specifically lead)
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Reforms were beginning to take place b/c of the poor environmental conditions in urban areas
Boss Rule
Who - Often Irish men who were politicians
What - Urban machine; in order to wield the power of potential voting from immigrants, these “bosses” would win loyalty by providing goods and services
When - Late 1800s
Where - US
Why - Chaotic growth of cities & limited growth of local gov’ts; potential voting from immigrants
Tammany Hall
Who - William M. Tweed was the boss
What - Political organization that indulged in open corruption (considered an “honest graft”)
When - Late 1800s
Where - NYC
Why - MONEY
William M. Tweed
Who - William M. Tweed
What - Corrupt boss of Tammany Hall who ended up in jail
When - 1860s to 1870s
Where - NYC
Why - N/A
Department Stores
Who - Mostly women customers
What - Brought a multitude of products under one roof and included restaurants, tea rooms, and extravagant decorations to contribute to the luxury
When - Late 1800s
Where - Larger cities
Why - Important b/c it turned shopping into an enjoyable and glamorous endeavor
National Consumers League
Who - Florence Kelley formed it
What - Women defined themselves as customers and became active participants in public life
When - 1890s
Where - US
Why - An attempt to better working wages and conditions for women workers; VERY important political development
Yiddish Theatre
Who - Jews; Irving Berlin
What - Showed the American experiences of Jews; training ground for group of musicians and playwrights
When - Late 1800s
Where - US
Why - Immigrants could listen to music from their homelands in ethnic theaters like this
D. W. Griffith
Who - D. W. Griffith
What - Inspired a new era of motion picture with his silent epics; had serious plots; some films contained racist messages
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Entertainment
Movies
Who - Tech created by Thomas Edison
What - Shown to viewers in “peep shows”; reached a wide range of people
When - Started 1880s
Where - US
Why - First mass entertainment medium
Henry James
Who - Henry James
What - Novelist who wrote about the contradictory ideas of modern civilization
When - 1870s to early 1900s
Where - From Europe / England
Why - To portray his coldly realistic views
Kate Chopin
Who - Kate Chopin
What - Author who wrote controversial works about the abuse / oppression endured in traditional marriages
When - 1899
Where - From the South
Why - Bring awareness
Social Realism
Who - ex. Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser
What - effort to recreate social reality (realism in art!)
When - Late 1800s to early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Strong impulse; people grappled with “the modern order”
Stephen Crane
Who - Stephen Crane
What - Published novels about the Civil War, but ALSO about the working class -> grim picture of the slum life
When - 1890s to 1920s
Where - US
Why - Social realism
Theodore Dreiser
Who - Theodore Dreiser
What - Was very influential & encouraged writers to turn their works to the topic of the injustices of the present; often documented life of poor Americans
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Social realism
Upton Sinclair
Who - Upton Sinclair
What - Socialist writer who wrote a novel about the poor parts of capitalism & exposed abuses in the meatpacking industry of America
When - 1906
Where - US
Why - He hoped to gain a socialist response which didn’t work, but it did inspire legislative action
Yellow Journalism
Who - Popularized by William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer (who were rivals)
What - “Lurid reporting style with bold graphics
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Meant to reach a large audience
Darwinism
Who - Charles Darwin
What - Theory of evolution that denied the “divine” biblical story; humans have evolved from earlier forms
When - Widely accepted in late 1800s
Where - N/A
Why - Most important intellectual development of the time
Edward Hopper
Who - Edward Hopper
What - Part of the Ashcan school; artist who broke from the European traditions & experimented with a new style; specialized in the loneliness of a modern city
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Beginning of modernism in art
Modernism
Who - ex. Edward Hopper, George Bellows, John Sloan
What - Rejected “genteel tradition”; looked to the future & appreciated the new
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Escape from the formal traditions before its time
Womens’ Colleges
Who - Women
What - Places where women would not be treated as “second-class citizens” by their male counterparts; marked the emergence of a female community; liberating experience for women
When - Later 1800s
Where - US
Why - Co-ed schools were not presenting a lot of opportunities for women
