Chapter 14 Note Cards Flashcards
Homestead Act
Who - Republican Party
What - Allowed any citizen to claim 160 acres of land and t purchase it for a low price after living there for 5 years
When - 1862
Where - US
Why - Wanted to promote economic development
Fort Sumter
Who - General P. G. T. Beauregard, Major Robert Anderson
What - Battle that began the Civil War; Anderson refused to surrender the fort, so the Confederates bombarded it for 2 days
When - 1861
Where - Fort Sumter (island), SC
Why - Confederate leaders decided that they should take the fort from the Union in order to not appear cowardly
Morrill Land Grant Act
Who - Republican Party
What - Transferred a lot of public land to the state gov’ts, which could sell it & use the money for public education
When - 1862
Where - US
Why - Led to lots of new state colleges & universities; increased public ed
Emancipation Proclamation
Who - Abraham Lincoln
What - Freed all slaves within the Confederacy EXCEPT for those already under control of the Union (or border states)
When - January 1, 1863
Where - Southern States / Confederacy
Why - Union won at Battle of Antietam
Gettysburg Address
Who - Abraham Lincoln
What - Commemorated those who died at the Battle of Gettysburg; instilled hope in Union
When - November 16, 1863
Where - US
Why - In response to the Battle of Gettysburg
US Sanitary Commission
Who - Dorothea Dix
What - Group of volunteers that mobilized lots of female nurses to work in serve in field hospitals
When - mid 1800s
Where - US
Why - To help in the Civil War
Clara Barton
Who - Clara Barton
What - Collected & distributed medical supplies during the Civil War; nurse; recognized the war’s role in redefining female roles
When - mid 1800s
Where - US
Why - N/A
Jefferson Davis
Who - Jefferson Davis
What - Leader of the Confederacy; an unsuccessful president
When - 1860s
Where - From Mississippi; led the South
Why - Rarely provided genuine national leadership
Ulysses S. Grant
Who - Ulysses S. Grant
What - Union general
When - Appointed in 1864
Where - North / Union
Why - Shared the idea that you should make enemy armies & resources, not enemy territory w/ Lincoln
Robert E. Lee
Who - Robert E. Lee
What - Confederate “principal military adviser”; commanded forces in the field
When - Appointed 1862
Where - South / Confederacy
Why - After the loss as Appomattox, became a symbol to white Southerners of the “Lost Cause”
Bull Run
Who - General Irvin McDowel (Union), General P. G. T. Beauregard (Confederacy)
What - Though McDowell almost dispersed Confederate forces, the latter launched a savage counterattack & Union retreated
When - July 21, 1861
Where - Manassas, VA
Why - Blow to Union morale & Lincoln’s confidence in his officers
March to the Sea
Who - William Tecumseh Sherman
What - Sherman & his army swept across Georgia, burning & destroying materials, towns, and plantations
When - 1864 to 1865
Where - Georgia, then up through South and North Carolina
Why - Wanted to not only deprive Confederacy of materials & comms, but to also diminish Southern morale
Appomattox Court House
Who - Grant & Lee
What - After the Union blocked Lee’s escape route, he arranged to meet with Grant to surrender
When - April 9, 1865
Where - Appomattox Court House, VA
Why - Lee recognized that further bloodshed was pointless and that he had lost the war
