Chapter 3 Note Cards Flashcards
Cotton Mather
Who - Cotton Mather
What - Puritan theologian/scientists who began experiments regarding inoculation with smallpox
When - 1700s
Where - Boston
Why - Attempting to immunize people against smallpox
Covenant
Who - Puritans
What - A social method that bound all residents in a “religious and social commitment to unity and harmony”
When - N/A
Where - New England
Why - Enabled towns to reflect the nature of their agreement, or covenant
Enlightenment Ideals
Who - Enlightenment thinkers
What - Argued that both faith AND reason could allows progress and advance knowledge; encouraged people to look to themselves for guidance
When - Late 17th century
Where - Europe & the colonies
Why - Competed against the Great Awakening & encouraged people to use their own reason to propel society
Great Awakening
Who - Spread by English (like John and Charles Wesley)
What - Encouraged people to break away from past constraint and to renew their relationship with God
When - Began 1730s
Where - From England to the colonies
Why - To bring about renewed religious spirit
Huguenots
Who - French Calvinists
What - Immigration to America
When - Edict was revoked in 1685, provoking the emigration from France
Where - From France to America
Why - Though they were initially a state in France,that status was revoked, and they began to leave the country
Indentured Servitude
Who - ¼ were women, while the remaining ¾ were men; sometimes criminals, prisoners
What - Men and women would bind themselves to a master for a fixed period of servitude, often 4 to 5 years long
When - 17th & 18th centuries
Where - Began in England, but moved to the New World (in 1617)
Why - They would receive shelter and food among other things in return for their labor; provided a source of labor in the shortage
Indigo
Who - Discovered that it was able to grow by Eliza Lucas
What - A staple crop in the South Carolina economy, a source of blue dye which was of large demand in Europe
When - Early 1740s
Where - South Carolina
Why - The land of South Carolina was unsuitable for rice, but it WAS suitable for indigo
John Locke
Who - John Locke
What - Enlightenment thinker who had great influence on the future American government
When - 1730s
Where - N/A
Why - Wished to spread Enlightenment ideals
John Peter Zenger
Who - John Peter Zenger
What - Publisher who was put on trial for publishing a criticism of an English official; ruled not libelous
When - 1734-1735 trial
Where - He was a New York publisher
Why - Removed some restrictions on the freedom of the press
Jonathan Edwards
Who - Johnathan Edwards
What - Preacher of the Great Awakening & traditional Puritan ideals
When - 1730s
Where - Had a pulpit in Northampton, MA
Why - Wanted to solidify peoples’ loyalty to God; often scaring them with horrid descriptions of hell
Middle Passage
Who - African slaves
What - The journey of African slaves from Africa to America; they were chained for weeks to months & were packed extremely tightly together
When - Late 17th century to the 19th century
Where - Slaves were taken from the coast of Africa and were brought to America
Why - As the production of tobacco grew, so did the demand for labor, so African slaves were forced in
Primogeniture
Who - Practiced by Puritans, but is an English system
What - The passing of all property to the firstborn son
When - N/A
Where - In New England, among other places
Why - Allowed the father to exercise great control over his sons
Saugus Ironworks
Who - European colonists
What - Company that extracted iron and melted it into “sow bars”; unfortunately closed due to financial troubles
When - 1646 to 1668
Where - Saugus, MA
Why - Iron ore deposits were discovered & iron technology was being largely developed in Europe
Slave Codes
Who - Made by colonial assemblies, enforced on African slaves
What - A group of laws that severely oppressed Africans & limited their rights
When - Early 18th century
Where - America
Why - Made it so that whites were undeniably superior under the law
Stono Rebellion
Who - Instituted by slaves
What - Roughly 100 slaves stole weapons, killed whites, and attempted to escape to Florida; unsuccessful
When - 1739
Where - South Carolina
Why - Act of resistance due to the harsh lives they lived & how they were treated
