Chapter 24 Note Cards Flashcards
Bank Holiday
Who - Roosevelt
What - National closing of all banks for 4 days until Congress could meet to discuss banking reform; the Emergency Banking Act was passed after
When - March 6, 1933
Where - US
Why - To dispel panic
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Who - Passed by Congress; favored larger farmers over smaller ones
What - Had provision for reducing crops; farmers would determine their crop limits, then would get subsidies from gov’t for leaving their land idle after production limit was reached; put tax on food processing to pay for subsidies
When - May 1933
Where - US
Why - In order to limit surpluses & stop the decreasing farm prices
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Who - Directed by Hugh S. Johnson
What - Called for minimum wages, maximum work week hours, and the end of child labor (blanke code); made industrial codes saying that no company would lower prices or wages in competition; wasn’t very successful b/c codes were poorly written & large producers dominated the code writing
When - 1933
Where - US
Why - Result of the National Industrial Recovery Act; to create jobs & increase consumer buying power & better workplace conditions
Schechter Brothers Case
Who - Schechter Brothers
What - Court ruled against them and ALSO that Congress shouldn’t have given the president legislative power to draft the NRA codes; Roosevelt was upset but the NRA was struck down as a result of the case
When - 1935
Where - Brooklyn, NY
Why - The brothers operated a whole-sale poultry business confined to Brooklyn, and were therefore accused of not being involved in interstate commerce so they couldn’t be federally regulated
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Who - N/A
What - Very successful experiment in regional planning; authorized to complete the dam at Muscle Shoals to use the hydroelectric power, stop flooding, help farmers improve productivity, reforestation
When - 1933
Where - AL (Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River)
Why - Ppl wanted to utilize water sources as energy; part of the New Deal
Francis E. Townsend
Who - Francis E. Townsend
What - Elderly Californian physician; created the Townsend plan, which allowed retired Americans over 60 years to receive monthly pensions of $200 (as long as they spent said money each month); approved in Congress, helped build the Social Security System
When - 1935
Where - From CA, but had national support
Why - To combat poverty in elderly
Glass-Steagall Act
Who - Congress
What - Gov’t could “curb irresponsible speculation by banks”; established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as well as a wall between commercial & investment banking
When - June 1933
Where - US
Why - To increase federal authority over weaker parts of the economy in terms of regulation
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Who - Congress
What - Showed how much the “financial establishment had fallen in public estimation”
When - June 1934
Where - US
Why - To police the stock market
Charles E. Coughlin
Who - Charles E. Coughlin
What - Catholic priest who led sermons that were broadcasted nationally on the radio; known as an advocate for altering banking & currency systems; established the National Union of Social Justice (his own political organization); discovered as an anti-Semitic fascist in later years
When - Sermons started 1926; NUSJ in 1935
Where - Royal Oak, Michigan
Why - Wanted “economic justice”
Huey Long
Who - Huey Long
What - Governor of Louisiana, then elected senator; attacked banks, oil companies, utilities, & the “conservative political oligarchy” that allied with them; launched assault on his opposition that left them with basically no political power, but Louisiana loved him b/c of his personality & b/s he built roads, hospitals, schools, etc.; came up with the Share-Our-Wealth plan (basically communism), where the rich would be taxed & that money would be redistributed to the poor
When - Gov 1928, sen 1930
Where - Louisiana
Why - N/A
Second New Deal
Who - Roosevelt
What - Shift in direction of the New Deal policy; pres was now willing to publicly atack big companies (ex. Made Holding Company Act b/c didn’t like monopolistic control of industries)
When - 1935
Where - US
Why - Response to growing political pressures & continuing economic crisis
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Who - John F. Lewis (leader of United Mine Workers)
What - Wanted to expand ppl voting for the labor movement; included women & black ppl; more militants than AFL
When - 1936
Where - US
Why - Rivaled AFL
John L. Lewis
Who - John L. Lewis
What - Creator & pres of CIO; leader of UMW; initially tried to work with AFL, but had disagreements; created CIO after walking out of AFL convention
When - 1930s
Where - US
Why - N/A
Sit Down Strike
Who - Done by autoworkers
What - Specifically, autoworkers sat down in General Motors (GM) plants & refused to work; made it so that they couldn’t use strikebreakers; resulted in GM becoming first major to recognize United Auto Workers
When - December 1936
Where - Detroit, MI
Why - Strategy to challenge corporate opposition
Social Security Act
Who - Roosevelt
What - Elderly could receive $15 per month from gov’t if destitute; made pension system which would begin 1942 & would come from payroll taxes
When - 1935
Where - US
Why - In part b/c of Francis E. Townsend; to help elderly population
Federal Writers Project
Who - Unemployed writers
What - Gave unemployed writers a salary from the gov’t
When - 1935
Where - US
Why - Result of Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Court Packing Plan
Who - Roosevelt
What - Wanted to add up to 6 new justices to Supreme Court; resulted in a general distrust of Roosevelt b/c of his “hunger” for power; SC intervened
When - 1937
Where - US
Why - B/c courts were “overworked” & therefore needed more ppl; ACTUALLY b/c Roosevelt wanted to appoint liberal justices and sway the court
Broker State
Who - Gov’t
What - The gov’t could intervene to help some interest groups and limit others; the gov’t became a protector of interest groups & a “supervisor of the competition among them”
When - 1930s
Where - US
Why - To strengthen interest groups & mediate them; New Deal
Marian Anderson
Who - Marian Anderson
What - African American concert singer who was denied access to the auditorium of the Daughters of the American Revolution to give a concert; in response, Eleanor Roosevelt had gov’t help her secure a spot at the Lincoln Memorial; concert ended up attracting 75,000 ppl & became one of the 1st modern civil rights demos
When - 1939
Where - US
Why - N/A
Frances Perkins
Who - Frances Perkins
What - Secretary of Labor; first female cabinet member in US history (appointed by Roosevelt); helped shape Social Security Act; wanted special protections for women (tired to get Aid to Dependent Children Program)
When - 1930s
Where - US
Why - N/A
John Collier
Who - John Collier
What - Commissioner of Indian affairs; promoted legislation that would reverse the pressure put on Native Americans to assimilate; responsible for the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
When - 1920s, 1930s
Where - US
Why - Wanted to preserve Native American culture
