Chapter 26 Note Cards Flashcards
Midway
Who - Japan & US
What - Enormous battle between US & Japan where the US won & regained control over the central Pacific
When - June 3-6, 1942
Where - Midway Island (northwest of HI)
Why - Japan wanted to defeat US fleet
Vichy
Who - Nazis
What - Nazi-controlled gov’t in France
When - WWII
Where - France
Why - Nazis
Holocaust
Who - Against Jewish people; stimulated by Hitler
What - Nazi campaign to annihilate the Jews of Europe
When - 1942
Where - Europe
Why - Nazis; genocide; Hitler; dictatorship
Office of Price Administration (OPA)
Who - First led by Leon Henderson
What - Enforced the provisions from the Anti-Inflation Act; people didn’t like it because of its control over prices & wages; successful
When - October 1942
Where - US
Why - Enforce Anti-Inflation Act
Sonar
Who - The Allies
What - Physicists made rapid advancements in sonar technology which helped Allied ships decimate German U-boats; used for underwater work
When - WWII
Where - US / Europe
Why - Response to enemy advancements
A. Phillip Randolph
Who - A. Philip Randolph
What - Pres of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; wanted gov’t to require companies receiving defense contracts to integrate their workforces; planned a march on Washington, but Roosevelt didn’t want that so they compromised & pres promised to establish Fair Employment Practices Commission to search discrimination in war industries
When - Summer 1941
Where - US
Why - Equality
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Who - Black leaders
What - Organized sit-ins & demonstrations at segregated places; had major success where they forced restaurant in Washington DC to agree to serving black people
When - 1942 into 1950s, sparking civil rights movement
Where - US
Why - Challenge segregation
Braceros
Who - Mexicans
What - Contract laborers who would be admitted to the US for a limited time to work specific jobs
When - 1942
Where - US
Why - Many Mexican workers entered the US during the war b/c of a labor shortage
Rosie the Riveter
Who - Rosie the Riveter
What - An image during the war that symbolized the importance of the female industrial workforce
When - WWII
Where - US
Why - Women joined unions, worked for gov’t, were employed in service-sector jobs & more during the war
Zoot Suits
Who - Mexican American Teens
What - Style of pachucos (Mexican teen street gangs); loose jackets w/ padded shoulders, baggy pants, long watch chains, hats, ducktail hairstyles; riots against them in 1943, but gov’t didn’t help the zoot-suiters
When - 1940s
Where - US
Why - N/A
Korematsu v. US
Who - SC
What - Supreme Court ruled that the relocation of Japanese to “relocation centers” (internment camps) was constitutional
When - 1944
Where - US
Why - WWI & Pearl Harbor spread lots of hatred for Japanese people & the camps were to “Americanize” them
Nisei Unit
Who - People born in the US with Japanese parents
What - Group of young men who fought in the military
When - WWII
Where - Regiment of US; fought in Europe
Why - After leaving relocation camps
Relocation Centers
Who - More than 100,000 Japanese people
What - Internment camps that were similar to prisons; not violent, but definitely uncomfortable
When - February 1942
Where - US
Why - WWI & Pearl Harbor spread lots of hatred for Japanese people & the camps were to “Americanize” them
D-Day
Who - Allies vs Nazis
What - 3 million troops with a vast naval fleet were sent by General Dwight D. Eisenhower to invade; the element of surprise & the Allies’ superior forced led them to victory but they lost many people
When - June 6, 1944
Where - Contention Peninsula on the coast of Normandy
Why - WWII
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Who - Dwight D. Eisenhower
What - Supreme Commander of the Allied forces during WWII; sent Allied armada into action on D-Day
When - WWII
Where - Europe
Why - N/A
Harry S. Truman
Who - Harry S. Truman
What - Senator-turned-VP for Roosevelt (FDR)
When - 1944
Where - From Missouri
Why - For election of 1944, Democratic leaders pushed Roosevelt to get rid of his liberal (and controversial) VP, Harry Wallace
Luftwaffe
Who - German
What - German (Nazi) air force
When - WWII
Where - Europe
Why - Military protection
Battle of the Bulge
Who - Allies vs Germans
What - German forces struck a 50 mile American front (creating a “bulge”-like shape); victory for Allies that ended major German resistance in the west
When - Late 1944
Where - Began Ardennes forest, went through parts of Europe
Why - Germans struck in desperation
Atomic Bomb
Who - Einstein warned FDR; US vs Germans
What - Centered on uranium to create a nuclear chain reaction; became feasible by 1940s b/c of discovery of radioactivity of uranium; first atomic explosion happened in New Mexico (called Trinity)
When - US began 1939
Where - World
Why - US heard that the Nazis were trying to make one, so they raced to make one too
Enrico Fermi
Who - Enrico Fermi
What - Discovered the radioactivity of uranium, enabling the production of atomic weapons
When - 1930s
Where - Italy
Why - Science
Manhattan Project
Who - US / Allies
What - The project of the US to make an atomic bomb before the Germans
When - 1939
Where - US
Why - Einstein warned FDR that the Nazis were making atomic weapons and urged him to do the same
Hiroshima
Who - From US to Japan
What - US dropped the Enola Gay dropped an atomic weapon on Hiroshima, killing 80,000 civilians and decimating the city; soon after, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan & the US dropped another bomb on Nagasaki; Japanese officials then surrendered
When - August 6, 1945
Where - Hiroshima, Japan
Why - WWII; Pearl Harbor; US wanted Japan to surrender
