Chapter 2 Note Cards Flashcards
Tobacco
Who - Initially grown by Cubans, then adopted by Europeans
What - A plant that grew in popularity immensely and was a massive part of the economy of the New World
When - Cultivated by English settlers in early 1600s
Where - Began to be cultivated in America in Jamestown, VA
Why - It was introduced by John Rolfe to the colonists, who smoked and enjoyed it, leading to its increasing popularity
Virginia House of Burgesses
Who - Delegates from “various communities”
What - A group of people who acted as the very first legislature of the soon-to-be US
When - First met July 30th, 1618
Where - Jamestown Church (VA)
Why - It was formed in order to govern the Jamestown colony in Virginia
Toleration Act
Who - Calvert Family
What - An act issued by the Calverts to their Maryland settlement that allowed religious freedom to all Christians
When - Issued 1649
Where - St. Mary’s, Maryland
Why - The Calverts, a Christian family, established this settlement in the New World specifically for English Catholics, but in order to get more settlers, they opened it up to Protestants. They realized that their English Catholics became (and would continue to be) the minority, so they issued the Toleration Act.
Plymouth Plantation
Who - Separatists / PIlgrims
What - Settlement established by the pilgrims
When - Set out in 1620
Where - Plymouth, MA
Why - Separatists wished to create a community where they could “spread the gospel of the Kingdom of Christ in those remote parts of the world”
Puritans
Who - Category of Protestants
What - Protestants who wished to “purify” the church; wanted to reduce bishop power, reform local clergy
When - N/A
Where - Moved from England to the New World, on the Mayflower
Why - Moved to the New World in search of religious freedom
Wampanoags
Who - Native people
What - A native population that greatly aided the English settlers when they first arrived in Massachusetts
When - Made an alliance with English settlers in 1621
Where - Massachusetts
Why - N/A
Theocracy
Who - Practiced, for example, by early Massachusetts residents
What - Government with religion
When - N/A
Where - For example, colonial Massachusetts
Why - Ministers had immense power over governors, who would in turn collect taxes to support the church
Roger Williams
Who - Roger Williams
What - Minister
When - Early 1600s
Where - Served for some time in Salem, Massachusetts; also worked in Rhode Island
Why - He argued that the Massachusetts church should fully abandon the Church of England and to further separate church and state altogether (ending the theocracy)
Praying Indians
Who - Native Americans
What - These particular natives converted to Christianity and continued to join Puritan communities
When - Mid-1630s
Where - New England
Why - The native populations were struggling as they were wiped out by epidemics and the like
Pequot War
Who - English settlers (in Connecticut Valley) and Pequot
What - Conflict in which English allied with the Pequot’s rivals & burned the Pequots alive, resulting in the Pequots being nearly wiped out
When - 1637
Where - Connecticut Valley area
Why - Hostilities due to trading with the Dutch & land
New Amsterdam
Who - Dutch
What - Substantial settlements by the Dutch in the New World
When - 1624
Where - Current-day NYC
Why - Dutch wanted territory
Quakers
Who - N/A
What - Rejected predestination concepts & original sin; believed in an “Inner Light”; believed in women having positions in the church
When - Came from the Society of Friends, who originated in mid-1600s in England
Where - Pennsylvania
Why - N/A
William Penn
Who - William Penn
What - An evangelist for Quakism who founded Pennsylvania (one of the best colonies & was very cosmopolitan)
When - 1670s
Where - Pennsylvania
Why - N/A
Sugarcane
Who - Utilized by many people, grew in the European market
What - Successful crop that could be made into rum; it was very profitable
When - N/A
Where - New World
Why - English settlers began to indulge to appeal to the European market
Mercantilism
Who - English
What - Idea that any wealth to a different nation was only at the expense of England
When - 1600s
Where - England
Why - The English wished to monopolize trade relations with its American colonies
