Chapter 7 Note Cards Flashcards
Deism
Who - Embraced by Jefferson and Franklin, came from philosophers in France
What - Idea that God had created Earth, but had since withdrawn from its happenings
When - Gained popularity in 1790s after the Revolutionary War
Where - N/A
Why - After the American Revolution, rationalism began to gain popularity; religion had lost its place in government
Mercy Otis Warren
Who - Mercy Otis Warren
What - A playwright and women’s rights activist; was against the British & supported the Bill of Rights; 1805 work was about the heroism of the American struggle during the Revolution
When - 1728-1814; published her History of the Revolution 1805
Where - She was from Barnstable, MA
Why - N/A
Noah Webster
Who - Noah Webster
What - CT schoolmaster & lawyer; argued that students should be taught patriotic thoughts; reason for “honor” rather than “honour”
When - Published his American Spelling Book in 1783; dictionary published in 1806
Where - from Connecticut
Why - Wanted to encourage a “distinct American culture”
Washington Irving
Who - Washington Irving
What - Author who created memorable folktales (like Rip Van Winkle); works continued to be read years after being published; very well-known writer of this time
When - 1783 - 1859
Where - From NY state
Why - N/A
Second Great Awakening
Who - Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists
What - A result of the efforts of theological thinkers trying to regain religious control; purpose was to encourage citizens to readmit God and Jesus into their lives and to get them to reject the spreading rationalism
When - Origins in the 1790s, on an incline in 1800
Where - America
Why - Response to the spread of religious rationalism & to implement more church establishments
Camp Meetings
Who - Methodists
What - A way to “harvest” new members of religion; used especially by Methodists; a revival; estimated that 25,000 attended the first
When - First in summer of 1801
Where - First in Can Ridge, KY
Why - Could reel people into the religion; an effort within the Second Great Awakening
Industrialism
Who - US
What - A time of great innovation, transforming the country into an urban and industrial society
When - Began to stir in the 1760s
Where - US
Why - Led to a much more complex society; made life easier; increased number of jobs; enhanced the American economy
Samuel Slater
Who - Samuel Slater
What - An immigrant from England who built a spinning mill for a man called Moses Brown (a Quaker)
When - Invented in 1790
Where - Pawtucket, RI
Why - Extremely important for industrialism; this was the first modern factory in America; showed how immigrants have advanced knowledge of English tech
American Shipping
Who - Congress
What - Congress created two tariffs that made American ships in American ports entitled
When - 1789
Where - US
Why - Congress wanted to grow the economy; stimulate “expansion of domestic shipping”
Eli Whitney
Who - Eli Whitney
What - Yale-educated man who developed the cotton gin as well as a machine that could make guns
When - Developed the cotton gin 1793
Where - From MA
Why - There was a growing demand for cotton in England, but the process of separating cotton from seed was a long and tedious process, so Whitney developed the cotton gin which revolutionized the industry; led to development of the textile industry in the North
Robert Fulton
Who - Robert Fulton
What - Perfected the steamboat & made it popular; Clermont
When - 1807
Where - Traveled up the Hudson River
Why - Revolutionary for transport; allowed for both transport of people and goods UPRIVER
Judicial Review
Who - Supported by Federalists; used by the Supreme Court
What - States that the Supreme Court has the power to nullify acts of Congress; can declare a congressional act unconstitutional
When - Established 1803
Where - US
Why - Part of checks & balances; keeps the government from becoming corrupt
Marbury v. Madison
Who - William Marbury and James Madison
What - Marbury had been named a justice in DC by Adams, but his commission was not given to him prior to Adams leaving office; james Madison became the new secretary or state, and refused to give Marbury the commission; Supreme Court rules that Marbury had the right to the commission, but they had no authority over Madison to hand it over; the court overruled the Judiciary Act (deemed it unconstitutional)
When - 1803
Where - Washington DC
Why - Established judicial review; made the Court an equal branch of power compared to the other branches
John Marshall
Who - John Marshall
What - Federalist chief justice at the time of Marbury v. Madison who has been credited with establishing the judicial branch as an equal branch
When - Appointed chief justice in 1801 by Adams
Where - US
Why - Remembered for equalizing the branches with the judiciary branch
Louisiana Purchase
Who - Thomas Jefferson, Napoleon
What - To acquire the Louisiana territory, the US paid $15 million to France, as well as grant privileges to France in the port of New Orleans; Louisiana; residents were also to become citizens with all rights ; doubled the size of the US
When - 1803
Where - Louisiana territory
Why - Napoleon offered to US because the yellow fever had wiped out much of the French army in America & he realized that he no longer had the resources to sustain or secure an American empire (especially since tensions in Europe were growing)
