Chapter 20 Note Cards Flashcards
Muckrakers
Who - ex. Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell
What - Journalists who directed public attention towards economic, political, and social injustices; at first targeted trusts, then government; inspired other Americans to take action
When - 1860s to early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Were committed to expose scandal and corruption
Ida Tarbell
Who - Ida Tarbell
What - Notable muckraker who did a study on the Standard Oil trust
When - Published in 1904
Where - US
Why - To expose
Jane Addams
Who - Jane Addams
What - Social worker responsible for the Hull House (a settlement house)
When - 1889
Where - Chicago, IL
Why - Response to crowded immigrant neighborhoods
Settlement Houses / Hull House
Who - Founded by Jane Adams
What - Houses that sought to help immigrant families with learning English and American customs; often staffed by the educated middle class (belief that the middle class was responsible)
When - Late 1800s
Where - US
Why - Response to crowded immigrant neighborhoods
Social Gospel
Who - Primarily American Protestants
What - Movement concerned with redeeming the US’s cities
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Inspired by social justice (which was a response to social and economic injustice)
The “New Woman”
Who - Women
What - Home was no longer taking up all time (with school for kids & new tech & smaller families); single women were the only ones who could really reform; “Boston marriages” (lesbians)
When - Late 1800s
Where - US
Why - Response to social and economic changes (specifically affecting the middle class)
Women’s Club Movement
Who - Women (Women’s Trade Union League, National Association of Colored Women, etc.)
What - Began with cultural activities, then to social betterment; black women made their own clubs (they were excluded from lots of others); mix between controversial and uncontroversial topics
When - 1892 to 1910s
Where -
Why - To provide an outlet for women’s “intellectual energies”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who - Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What - Drew parallels between struggles of women & slaves; pressed the boundaries that men put on them; part of the Seneca Falls Convention; influential in the women’s suffrage movement
When - 1840s; wrote book in 1892
Where - US
Why - Equality
National American Women’s Suffrage Association
Who - Anna Howard Shaw & Carrie Chapman Catt
What - For women’s right to vote; justified suffrage in less threatening ways; argued that women’s suffrage would help other issues
When - 1893 to early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Voting rights / equality
Alice Paul
Who - Alice Paul
What - Head of National Woman’s Party who argues that the 19th amendment wouldn’t be enough to protect women’s rights
When - Party founded 1916
Where - US
Why - Suffrage
Municipal Reforms
Who - ex. Lincoln Steffens, other muckrakers
What - Reforming the government b/c of belief that party rule was most damaging in cities
When - Late 1800s to early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Bettering cities
Referendum
Who - Proposed by Populists
What - Very important change where actions of legislature could be given to the electorate for approval
When - 1890s
Where - US
Why - Statehouse progressivism
Tammany Hall
Who - Led by Charles Francis Murphy
What - Oldest city machine; political organization that indulged in open corruption (considered an “honest graft”); began to use its political power to improve working conditions
When - Late 1800s to early 1900s
Where - NYC
Why - Money, then social reform
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
Who - N/A
What - Killed 146 workers, most of which were trapped in the building b/c management had locked emergency exits
When - 1911
Where - NYC
Why - Important b/c it inspired reforms in working conditions
NAACP
Who - “Guiding spirit” was W. E. B. Du Bois
What - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; led drive for equal rights
When - 1909
Where - US
Why - Response to race riot in IL
W. E. B. Du Bois
Who - W. E. B. Du Bois
What - Black man who fought for equal rights & valued education; launched Niagara Movement & was part of NAACP
When - Early 1900s
Where - Born MA
Why - Equal rights for POC
Prohibition
Who - Often sought after by working-class wives
What - Elimination of alcohol
When - Began before Civil War, states started passing laws for it early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Thought it would end male’s poor behavior & reform society
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Who - Christian women
What - Fought for temperance & legal abolition of saloons (eventually became fight for eradication of the manufacture & sale of alcohol)
When -1879
Where - US
Why - Prohibition
Eugene Debs
Who - Eugene V. Debs
What - Led American Railway Union; aided in the Pullman Strike; presidential candidate for the socialist party in 1912
When - 1890s to early 1900s
Where - Chicago was where strike happened
Why - Justice for workers
Good Trusts vs. Bad Trusts
Who - Reformers
What - Thought that instead of just getting rid of the biggest trusts, praise the “good” ones while shaming the “bad”
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Capitalist reform
Louis Brandeis
Who - Louis Brandeis
What - VERY SMART lawyer who spent a lot of time with public, unpaid cases; huge figure in the progressive movement; became a very powerful Supreme Court judge
When - 1870s to 1910s
Where - MA
Why - N/A
Gifford Pinchot
Who - Gifford Pinchot
What - Chief forester for Roosevelt during conservation
When - 1900s (years before 1910s)
Where - US
Why - Seized forests in public domain b/c Congress was restricting Roosevelt’s authority
Interstate Commerce Act
Who - Congress; administered by Interstate Commerce Commission (had little practical effect)
What - Banned discrimination between long vs short hauls, railroads had to publish schedules, all rail rates had to be “reasonable and just” (railroads); Roosevelt wished to give it more power in his 1904 campaign
When - 1887
Where - US
Why - After the Wabash case & states could now only regulate commerce within their own boundaries, so only federal gov’t could do much of anything
Pure Food and Drug Act
Who - Roosevelt
What - Restricted sale of ineffective / dangerous medicine
When - Early 1900s (before 1910s)
Where - US
Why - Safety
Panic of 1907
Who - Roosevelt partnered with J. P. Morgan to end
What - Recession where J. P. Morgan helped as long as there would be no more anti-trust legislature from Roosevelt
When - 1907
Where - US
Why - Conservatives blamed Roosevelt’s economic policies
Bull Moose Party
Who - Liked Roosevelt
What - AKA Progressive Party; had strong commitment to progressive causes (women’s suffrage, fair labor, regulation of trusts, etc.)
When - Early 1900s
Where - US
Why - Reform
Federal Reserve Act
Who - Woodrow Wilson
What - Created 12 regional banks that had reserves they would use to support loans to private banks, created new paper currency, & could shift funds to troubled areas
When - December 23, 1913
Where - US
Why - Reform for American banking
