Chapter 10 Note Cards Flashcards
Nativism
Who - American citizens
What - The idea that citizens are America are superior; against immigrants
When - Began to spread in the mid 1800s
Where - US
Why - Based on beliefs that immigrants would take over America
Know-Nothings
Who - Nativists; called themselves the Native American Party (not for indigenous people)
What - Party that encouraged banning Catholics or foreign-born people from holding office; their secret passcode was “I know nothing”
When - 1837 to 1854ish
Where - US
Why - Combat immigration and promote traditional American values
Steamboats
Who - N/A
What - Allowed transport upstream; carried goods much quicker than old barges
When - 1820s, Canal Age
Where - America, Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
Why - Simply using roads was becoming insufficient for the rapidly-expanding America
Samuel F. B. Morse
Who - Samuel F. B. Morse
What - Inventor of the Morse telegraph system
When - 1844
Where - America
Why - Important because it allowed scheduling & routing of trains, communication between distant cities, and reinforcing the division between North & South
Corporations
Who - N/A
What - Legal business entity that is separate from its owners; has the same rights as those individuals
When - 1830s
Where - US
Why - States were beginning to pass general incorporation laws which made forming corporations much easier; made possible large amounts of capital & therefore large amounts of manufacturing enterprises
Factory System
Who - N/A
What - Brings manufacturing operations together under one roof; first in the textile industry
When - 1820s
Where - Came first in NE
Why - Made manufacturing more efficient
Interchangeable Parts
Who - Eli Whitney & Simeon North
What - Allowed you to interchange one part for another; began with guns
When - Early 1800s
Where - US
Why - Important because it revolutionized watch & clock making, manufacturing of locomotives and steam engines, making of farm tools, making newer devices of the time
Lowell System
Who - Relied on young unmarried women
What - Very well-kept compared to Britain; workers were kept in boarding houses & were well fed; enforced strict curfews & church attendance
When - Early 1800s
Where - Lowell, MA
Why - So good because New Englanders deemed it partially immoral to keep women working, so their conditions had to be great
Immigrant Labor
Who - Immigrants (Irish)
What - Immigrants of the time were put into extremely poor conditions because of their inexperience and naivety; they received very low wages, often not enough to support their families; resulted in the deterioration of good work conditions in New England (specifically Lowell) because owners no longer felt the pressure to be good
When - After 1840
Where - US
Why - The surplus of immigrants could provide cheap labor
Early Skilled Worker Unions
Who - Skilled workers
What - The workers would join together to advance common interests; fared poorly due to hostile laws saying that the formation of unions was an “illegal conspiracy”
When - 1820s and 30s
Where - Cities like Philadelphia, Boston, New York, Baltimore
Why - The economies of cities were interconnected, so workers realized that there was a benefit in joining forces
Free Labor
Who - US residents
What - Ideology that encouraged freedom and independence; free men and women working for a living; transcendentalism & anyone could reach the top of the tower if they had the spirit to
When - mid 1800s
Where - Northern US
Why - Industrialization
Middle Class
Who - Workers and artisans
What - Group of people between rich and poor; doctors, factory managers, small business owners; grew tremendously during the Industrial Revolution
When - mid 1800s
Where - US
Why - Grew due to industrialization & economic development; commerce & industry became a source of wealth, opening up opportunities
Social Mobility
Who - N/A
What - The ability for anyone to work their way up the ladder of the economy
When - 1800s
Where - US
Why - Helped limit discontent; industrialization allowed it
Cult of Domesticity
Who - Women
What - A system of values that determined where women lay in society; women were a part of the “private sphere” of life, tending to children and nurturing the family; led to women forming their own culture; left women detached from the public world, but also allowed them to enjoy greater comforts
When - 1800s
Where - US
Why - Distinction between public and private worlds was emerging; people thought it was a good idea to keep women domestic
Women’s Separate Sphere
Who - Women (specifically middle class)
What - Women began to form their own social networks and clubs together; feminine literature emerged; very domestic
When - 1800s
Where - US
Why - Cult of Domesticity’s beliefs
