Chapter 15 Note Cards Flashcards
Freedmen’s Bureau
Who - Congress established; led by General Oliver O. Howard
What - Distributed food to former slaves; established schools; made efforts to allow former slaves land of their own; aided poor white people;
When - March 1865
Where - US
Why - An attempt at reconstruction after the Civil War
Thirteenth Amendment
Who - Affected slaves
What - Abolished slavery
When - December 1865
Where - Across the US
Why - The Union won the war
Radical Republicans
Who - Thadeus Stevens (PA) & Charles Sumner (MA) led
What - Wanted Confederate leaders to be punished, legal rights of former slaves to be protected, & property of wealthy white supporters of the Confederacy be confiscated and given to the freed; some wanted suffrage for black people
When - 1860s
Where - US
Why - Argued over reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
Who - Andrew Johnson (republican)
What - Succeeded Lincoln after the assassination; very racist & not tactile; implemented new governments in the seceded states; not a good pres
When - Became pres in 1865
Where - US
Why - Lincoln was assassinated, so someone had to lead
Black Codes
Who - Affected black people
What - Gave white people lots of control over freedmen; allowed officials to apprehend unemployed AAs, fine them for vagrancy, then hire them out to private companies; some prohibited AAs to own/lease farms or take jobs other than plantations workers/servants
When - 1865 & 1866
Where - South
Why - South wanted to keep control over black people & segregate
Fourteenth Amendment
Who - Joint Committee on Reconstruction
What - Said that anyone born in the US & everyone naturalized had equal protection under the law; instituted penalties for any states that didn’t allow suffrage for any adult males; stopped people who helped the Confederacy from being officials
When - April 1866
Where - US
Why - All men are created equal
Reconstruction Bills
Who - N/A
What - All vetoed by Andrew Johnson but he was overrode; congressional plan (Tennessee was readmitted); seceded states were combined into 5 military districts & led by military commanders; once the states voted to ratify the new constitutions, they could elect state gov’ts; 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments
When - Early 1867
Where - US, mostly South
Why - To reconstruct the US after the Civil War
Fifteenth Amendment
Who - Congress
What - All citizens could vote (still not women)
When - 1869
Where - US
Why - Reconstruction
Hiram Revels
Who - Hiram Revels
What - Black person who served in the Senate
When - Between 1869 & 1901
Where - From Mississippi
Why - One of the 20 who served in this time frame
Segregated Schools
Who - Black vs white people
What - Two different systems that separated black and white people
When - 1860s on
Where - Mostly South
Why - Attempts at integration were failing & people were very racist
Crop-lien System
Who - Farmers
What - Centered on local country stores; since farmers didn’t have steady cash flow, they had to rely on credit to buy; stores would set VERY high interest rates & farmers would have to give merchants a claim (lien) on their crops; impoverished small farmers & declined Southern economy
When - Reconstruction era (mid- to late-1800s)
Where - South
Why - Shops could do this b/c they had no competition
Sharecropping
Who - African Americans
What - AAs became tenants of white farmers & would work on their land, paying their landlords a fixed share of their crop
When - mid- to late-1800s
Where - South
Why - Some AAs couldn’t afford to own their own land
Panic of 1873
Who - Jay Cooke and Company (investment banking firm)
What - They had invested too much in postwar railroad building; depression succeeding it lasted four years
When - 1873
Where - US
Why - N/A
William Seward
Who - William Seward
What - Secretary of state for Lincoln; bought Alaska from Russia; annexed the Midway Islands
When - Until 1869
Where - US
Why - Great success in foreign affairs
Enforcement Acts
Who - Republican Congress
What - AKA Ku Klux Klan Acts; prohibited states from discriminating against voters for race; pres could use military to protect civil rights & to suspend habeas corpus when violations of rights were extreme
When - 1870 & 1871
Where - US
Why - Response to new wave of white repression (like the KKK)
