Chapter 22 Note Cards Flashcards
Welfare Capitalism
Who - Adopted by some employers; ex. Henry Ford
What - Paternalistic techniques that led to things like raising wages, shortened workweeks, sanitization, and paid vacations; allowed workers to voice their concerns
When - Early 1920s to 1929
Where - US
Why - Attempt to avoid labor unrest & trade unions
A. Phillip Randolph
Who - A. Philip Randolph
What - African-American man who founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters which represented black workers
When - Founded 1925
Where - US
Why - Fight for civil rights & suitable workplace conditions
Issei / Nisei
Who - Japanese
What - “Issei” are Japanese immigrants, while “Nisei” are their American-born children; experienced lots of economic success (so much to the point that the CA gov’t made laws to make it harder for them to buy land)
When - Late 1800s & early 1900s
Where - US (particularly CA)
Why - After Chinese Exclusion Acts, Japanese filled the niches of many Chinese in CA
American Plan
Who - Endorsed by National Association of Manufacturers
What - A crusade “for the open shop”; ideology that unionism undermines the power of the employers
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - Limit unionism & to protect open shop (one where no worker had to join a union)
Automobile
Who - N/A
What - Expanded geographic horizons, people to could escape farm / urban life to visit friends / family, allowed middle-class citizens to go on vacations, contributed to the independent youth culture of the time
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - Yielded many benefits; consumerism
Parity
Who - Farmers
What - Formula that ensured farmers would make back at least the price of production; expressed with the McNary-Haugen Bill
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - Technological advancements were resulting in major surpluses, lowering food prices and decreases farmers’ income immensely; did this to get relief
The Jazz Singer
Who - N/A
What - First feature-length movie w/ sound (aka “talkie”)
When - 1927
Where - US
Why - Enhance the entertainment
Margaret Sanger
Who - Margaret Sanger
What - Pioneer of the birth control movement; promoted out of concern for working-class women
When - 1910s to 1920s
Where - US
Why - Inspired by Emma Goldman (Russian) who advocated for birth control prior to WWI; wanted women to enjoy sexual activity without the threat of becoming pregnant
Lost Generation
Who - Young Americans “emerging” from WWI
What - Critiqued modern society
When - Prominent in 1920s
Where - US
Why - Critiqued b/c of a sense of “personal alienation”
H. L. Mencken
Who - H. L. Mencken
What - Baltimore journalist who ridiculed middle-class values (ex. religion, politics, arts, etc.); rejected democracy
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - Rejected democracy b/c he didn’t like that it placed “power in the hands of the common people” who he mocked
Duke Ellington
Who - Duke Ellington
What - Great jazz musician of the time
When - 1920s
Where - US (night clubs)
Why - Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance
Who - African Americans
What - New generation of black artists & intellectuals fostered a “flourishing” African American culture
When - 1920s
Where - Harlem, NYC; US
Why - Prove to whites that their race is worthy of respect; African American pride
Ku Klux Klan
Who - With southerners; leader was William J. Simmons, THEN (after WWI) it spread
What - The SECOND Klan (first died off in Reconstruction); initially just against blacks, THEN against Jews, Catholics, & foreigners (really anyone who challenged “traditional values”)
When - 1915 to 1930s
Where - Georgia / South, then up to northern US
Why - Case of Leo Frank (Jewish man convicted of killing female employee, was lynched); movie glorifying old Klan inspired new one
Langston Hughes
Who - Langston Hughes
What - Black poet who wrote, “I am a Negro-and beautiful,” capturing the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance; went on to find relationships beyond the black community
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - Harlem Renaissance
Sinclair Lewis
Who - Sinclair Lewis
What - First American to win Nobel Prize in literature; wrote a serie of novels that criticized aspects of modern society
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - N/A
Alain Locke
Who - Alain Locke
What - A leader of the Harlem Renaissance; assembled a collection of black writings, eventually catching the eye of white publishers
When - 1925
Where - US
Why - Harlen Renaissance
National Origins Act of 1924
Who - Principal target was Japanese
What - Banned immigration from Asia; reduced European quota
When - 1924
Where - US
Why - Prevent Japanese immigration & to encourage northwestern European immigration; nativism
Scopes “Monkey Trial”
Who - American Civil Liberties Union, John T. Scopes vs Fundamentalists, William Jennings Bryan
What - Scopes was fined $100 and the case was eventually dismissed due to a technicality, BUT famous attorney (on the case) Clarence Darrow did a cross-examination on Bryan & made him seem foolish on the radio; ended much of fundamentalist activism
When - 1900s
Where - Dayton, Tennessee
Why - Fundamentalists wanted evolution to NOT be taught in schools and it was made illegal to teach anything but what the Bible said about the creation of humans in Tennessee; ACLU was against this & asked that a teacher defy the law in order to make a case (Scopes agreed)
Al Smith
Who - Alfred E. Smith
What - Irish Catholic turned progressive democratic governor of NY; supported by URBAN Democrats in 1924 election; Democratic nominee in 1928 election (lost against Herbert Hoover)
When - 1920s
Where - US
Why - N/A
Teapot Dome
Who - Warren D. Harding (pres in 1920), Albert B. Fall (NM senator)
What - Scandal involving rich naval oil reserves; Fall urges transportation of the reserves by Harding from the Navy Dep. to the Interior Dep., then leased them (secretly) to wealthy businessmen & received money in return; Fall was convicted of bribery
When - Early 1920s
Where - Teapot Dome, WY, & Elk Hills, CA
Why - Money
Herbert Hoover
Who - Herbert Hoover (Republican)
What - Champion of “associationalism” (creation of national organizations of businessmen in certain industries) while in the Commerce Department, then elected to presidency in 1928; president during the Great Depression
When - Late 1920s to early 1930s
Where - US
Why - N/A
