Chapter 8 Note Cards Flashcards
Francis Cabot Lowell
Who - Francis Cabot Lowell
What - Developed a power loom better than the English version & founded first mill in America to spin and weave under the same roof
Where - From Boston, MA
When - Developed Boston Manufacturing company in 1813
Why - Important because it shaped the character of the early industrial workforce; step in revolutionizing manufacturing
Seminole War
Who - Andrew Jackson & Seminole tribe
What - Jackson seized Spanish forts and ordered the hanging of two British men for aiding the tribe
Where - St. Marks and Penascola
When - 1816
Why - Jackson had orders to “adopt the necessary means” to end raids from the Seminole south of the Floridian border
Adams-Onis Treaty
Who - John Quincy Adams (American) and Luis de Onis (Spanish)
What - US gave up its claims to Texas to Spain, while Spain gave up Florida to the US
Where - America
When - 1819
Why - The Seminole War by Jackson was excused because America had the right to defend itself against threats from across borders; demonstrated to Spain that Florida could be taken by force & so Onis really had no choice but to form the treaty with the US
Missouri Compromise
Who - Jesse B. Thomas suggested the line
What - Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, while Maine would be admitted as a free state; also prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the southern border of Missouri; revealed the beginnings of sectionalism
Where - US
When - 1820
Why - Missouri applied for admission as a free state, but that upset the balance of slave versus free states already established (11 vs. 11 at the time); Henry Clay threatened that Maine would be rejected as a state at all if Missouri became a free state
Sectionalism
Who - North versus South
What - Pitted the northern and southern parts of the US against each other; based largely on the political argument over slavery
Where - America
When - 1820s to mid 1800s
Why - South liked and benefited from slavery, the North was strongly against it
Tallmadge Amendment
Who - James Tallmadge Jr.
What - Done to the Missouri statehood bill that would prohibit the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and would allows for the emancipation of slaves already there; this amendment was unsuccessful
Where - Missouri
When - 1819
Why - This provoked a controversy that eventually led to the Missouri Compromise
Gibbons v. Ogden
Who - Aaron Ogden, Thomas Gibbons
What - NY indirectly allowed Ogden to transport passengers via boat between NY and NJ, but Gibbons (with a license from Congress) began competing with Ogden for ferry traffic. Ogden brought a suit against Gibbons & won in NY courts, bit Gibbons appealed to Supreme Court, where he won
Where - NY & NJ
When - 1824
Why - Important because the Supreme Court gave Congress more power to regulate interstate commerce; established primacy of federal gov’t over states when it comes to regulating economy
McCulloch v. Maryland
Who - John Marshall (justice), James W. McCulloch
What - Bank had become popular in the South and West US, so states had begun to drive branches out of business by confiscatory taxes; was determined that if the states could tax the Bank, they could tax it to death, and that they’d destroy it, also that the gov’t DID have the power to set up a national bank
Where - US
When - 1819
Why - Importance because it confirmed the “implied powers” of Congress; upheld constitutionality of the Bank of the US
Worcester v. Georgia
Who - John Marshall (justice), Georgia, Samuel A. Worcester
What - Georgia was attempting to regulate access by US citizens to Cherokee country; was determined that Georgia would NOT do that, only the federal gov’t could
Where - Georgia
When - 1832
Why - Important because it defined the nature of native nations; expanded their rights and declared that they, too, are distinct political communities; allowed them to remain free from the authority of state gov’ts
Monroe Doctrine
Who - James Monroe, John quincy Adams
What - Declared that the American continents were no longer to be subjects for colonization by European powers & that the US would fight anyone who didn’t obey; showed great nationalism & established the idea of the US as the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere
Where - American continents
When - 1823
Why - Americans feared the powers and allies that Spain had and that they would attempt to take their lost lands; Adams also thought that Great Britain was trying to take Cuba
American System
Who - Advocated for by Henry Clay
What - Adopted a high protective tariff in order to promote industry, national bank, federal subsidies
Where - US
When - Early 1800s
Why - To ensure the US didn’t become dependent on foreign trade; strengthen American economy and promote industry
Henry Clay
Who - Henry Clay
What - Warhawk, secured the declaration of war for the War of 1812; known as “The Great Compromiser”; was Speaker of the House; suggested the solution for the Missouri Compromise; negotiated the Treaty of Ghent
Where - US
When - Early 1800s
Why - Helped with economic development & was well liked
John Quincy Adams
Who - John Quincy Adams
What - Monroe Doctrine; acquired Florida from Spain; sixth pres of the US; served in the House; responsible for the Alien and Sedition acts; settled border dispute in Oregon
Where - US, from MA
When - Pres from 1825 to 1829
Why - N/A
