Chapter 9 Male Reproductive System Flashcards
male sex cell
spermatozoon
head of the sperm cell
carries chromosomes
- nuclear hereditary material
flagellum
tail of the sperm
- makes it mobile
1 out of 300 million sperm
can fertilize a single ovum
one egg
present in the fallopian tubes during ejaculation
- multiple fertilizations are possible
fraternal twins
twins resulting from fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells
identical twins
twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg and a single sperm
male reproductive system are designed
to release billions of sperm cell throughout the man’s lifetime
testosterone
the hormone responsible for the bodily characteristics of men (beard, pubic hair, deep voice)
prepuce
fold of skin covering tip of the penis
- foreskin
bulbourethral glands
cowper glands
pair of exocrine glands near male urethra
ejaculation
ejection of sperm and fluid from male urethra
ejaculation duct
tube through which semen enters the male urethra
epididymas
one of the pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis that stores and carries sperm to the vas deferens
erectile dysfunction
inability of the adult male to achieve an erection
- impotence
fraternal twins
twins resulting from fertilization of two separate ova and two separate sperm
glans penis
sensitive tip of penis
identical twins
twins resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos
interstitial cells of testes
specialized cell adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes
- produces testosterones
- aka Leydig cell
parenchymal tissue
essential distinctive cells of an organ
penis
male reproductive organ
perineum
external region between the anus and scrotum
prostate gland
exocrine gland a base of male urinary bladder
- secretes fluid part of semen into urethra during ejaculation
scrotum
external sac that contains the testes
semen
spermatozoa and seminal fluid discharged from the urethra during ejaculation
seminal vesicles
paired sac like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens
seminiferous tubules
narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes
spermatozoon
sperm cell
sterilization
procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells through removal of testicles, vasectomy, or oophorectomy
stromal tissue
supportive, CT or an organ
testis
male gonad that produces spermatozoa and teststerone
testosterone
hormone secreted by interstitial tissue of the testes
- responsible for male sex characteristics
vas deferens
narrow tube carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra
- aka ductus deferens
hydrocelel
buildup of fluid in the sac around the testicle
- causing swelling in the scrotum
testicular torsion
when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood flow to the testicle
- severe pain, swelling, nausea, and vomiting
varicocele
enlargement of the veins within the scrotum (like varicose veins)
- causes dull ache or discomfort
prostate gland
walnut sized gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum
- produces fluid that mixes with sperm to form semen
prostate carcinoma
most common type of cancer among men
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs as men age
hypospadias
congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip
chlamydia
infection caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis via sexual contact
- can infect urethra, cervix, rectum and throat
- can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
gonorrhea
infection caused by bacterium neisseria gonorrheae via sexual contact
- affects urethra, cervix, rectum, and throat
- symptoms- painful urination, abnormal vaginal discharge
herpes genitalius
STI caused by herpes simplex virus
- causes painful sores or blisters on genitals, anus or mouth
human papillomavirus
group of virus that infect the skin and mucous membranes mainly via sexual contact
- can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, and other cancers of genitals, anus, mouth, and throat
syphilis
bacterial infection caused by treponema pallidum via sexual contact
-starts as painless sores and can affect multiple organs
prostate specific antigen test
measures level of prostate specific antigen in a man’s blood
normal PSA levels
below 4.0 nanograms per milliliter
elevated PSA levels
additional testing like more PSA tests, imaging, or prostate biopsy
semen analysis
assesses male fertility and reproductive health
semen analysis test measure
- volume- amount of semen
- concentration- number of sperm cells present per mL
- motility- % of sperm cells that are moving and quality of movement
- morphology- size and shape of sperm cell, % sperm with normal shape
- viability- % of live sperm cell in sample
semen analyzed for
- infertility
- before assisted reproduction procedures
- after vasectomy
- monitoring treatment
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
- removal of portions of prostate gland that are obstructing flow of urine through urethra
vasectomy
surgical procedure for male sterilization where vas deferens are cut, tied off, or sealed
