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MRI Med Term > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

radiology

A

study of application of x-rays and other technologies to produce and interpret images of the human body for the diagnosis of disease

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2
Q

x-ray

A

invisible waves of energy that are produced by an energy source and are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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3
Q

nuclear medicine

A

uses radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of disease

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4
Q

radionuclides

A

substance that gives off high energy particles or rays as it disintegrates

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5
Q

radioactivity

A

spontaneous emission of energy in the form of particles or rays coming from the interior of a substance

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6
Q

3 types of radioactivity

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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7
Q

gamma rays

A

a diagnostic label to trace the path and uptake of chemical substances in the body

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8
Q

radiologist

A

a physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology

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9
Q

nuclear medicine physician

A

specializes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedures

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10
Q

radiographers

A

who aids physicians in administering diagnostic x-ray procedures

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11
Q

nuclear medicine technologist

A

attend to patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures and operate devices under the direction of the nuclear physician

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12
Q

sonographers

A

aid physicians in performing ultrasound procedures

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13
Q

characteristic of x-rays

A
  • can expose photographic plate
  • penetrate different substances to varying degrees
  • invisible
  • travel straight lines
  • scatters
  • ionization
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14
Q

radiolucent

A

permits passage of most x-rays

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15
Q

radiopaque

A
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16
Q

film badge

A

detect and record amount of radiation exposure

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17
Q

digital radiography

A

form of x-ray which digital sensor are used instead of photographic film

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18
Q

mammography

A

lose dose x-ray to visualize breast tissue

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19
Q

CT

A

beams x-rays at multiple angles through a section of a patient’s body

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20
Q

multidetector CT
MDCT scanners

A

state of the art scanners that produce 64,128,256, 320 images per rotation

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21
Q

barium sulfate

A

radiopaque substance that is mixed with water and is used for examination of upper and lower GI tract

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22
Q

upper GI (UGI)

A

oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized

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23
Q

small bowel follow through (SBFT)

A

traces passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through small intestine

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24
Q

barium enema

A

study of lower GI series that opacifies the lumen of the large intestine via enema

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25
double contrast study
uses both radiopaque and radiolucent contrast medium
26
angiography
x-ray image of blood vessels and heart chambers is obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber
27
cholangiography
x-ray imaging after injection of contrast into bile duct
28
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
injecting contrast directly into the common bile duct
29
intraoperative cholangiography
after surgery of the gallbladder or biliary tract
30
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
injection of contrast via needle through the skin into the liver
31
digital subtraction angiography
taking two x-ray pictures and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image - injected blood vessels
32
hysterosalpingography
x-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes - injection of contrast material through vagina and into endocervical canal
33
myelography
x-ray imaging of the spinal cord after injection of contrast into the subarachnoid space surrounding spinal cord
34
pyelography
x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and urinary tract
35
retrograde pyelography
catheter is placed through urethra, bladder, and ureter and into the renal pelvis
36
urography
process of recording x-ray images of the urinary tract after the introduction of contrast
37
digital imaging techniques
used to enhance conventional and fluoroscopic x-ray images
38
interventional radiology
invasive procedures (therapeutic or diagnostic) usually under CT or ultrasound guidance or with fluoroscopic imaging
39
fluoroscopy
the use of x-rays and a fluorescent screen to produce real time video images
40
radiofrequency ablation
destruction of tumors and tissues (liver, kidney, lungs, and adrenals)
41
ultrasound imaging ultrasonography
uses high frequency inaudible sound waves that bounce off body tissues and are then recorded to give information about anatomy of internal organ
42
transducer probe
instrument placed near or on the skin to ensure good transmission of sound waves
43
sonogram
record produced by ultrasound imaging
44
echocardiography
ultrasound technique to detect heart valve and blood vessel
45
Doppler ultrasound color flow imaging
records blood flow velocity
46
endoscopic ultrasonography
a small ultrasound transducer is attached to the tip of the endoscope that is inserted into the body
47
functional MRI (fMRI)
measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
48
gadolinium
contrast agent that enhances vessels and tissues, increases the sensitivity for lesion detection, and helps differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues and structures
49
posteroanterior (PA) view
posterior placed source to an anterior placed detector
50
anteroposterior (AP) view
anteriorly placed source to posteriorly placed detector
51
left lateral view
source located to the right of the patient to a detector placed to the left of the patient
52
oblique view
x-rays travel in slanting direction at an angle to form a perpendicular plane
53
abduction
movement away from the midline of the body
54
adduction
movement toward the midline of the body
55
decubitus
lying down
56
eversion
turning outward
57
extension
lengthening or straightening a flexed limb
58
flexion
bending a part of a body
59
inversion
turning inward
60
prone
lying on the belly
61
recumbent
lying down
62
supine
lying on the back
63
half life
time required for a radioactive substance to lose half of its radioactivity by disintegration
64
technetium-99m
pure gamma emitter with a half life of 6 hours
65
in vitro
in test tube
66
in vivo
in the body
67
radioimmuniassay
an vitro procedure that combines the use of radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect hormones and drugs in a patient's blood
68
tracer studies
radionuclides are used as tags or labels attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body
69
radiopharmaceutical radiolabeled compound
radioactive drug that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
70
gamma camera
external detection instrument used to determine the distribution and localization of the radiopharmaceutical in various organs, tissues, and fluids
71
radionuclide scanning
procedure of making an image by tracking the distribution of radioactive substance in the body
72
uptake
the rate of absorption of the radiopharmaceutical into an organ or tissue
73
ventilation study
radiolabeled gas or aerosol is inhaled to fill the air sacs before imaging
74
perfusion study (lung scan)
radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously so that radioactive compound travels through the capillary of the lungs
75
bone scan
technetium- 99m is used to label a phosphate containing substance
76
lymphoscintigraphy
nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures of the lymphatic system -
77
radiotracer
radioactive isotope injected under the skin or deeper using a small needle
78
positron emission tomography
radionuclide technique that produces images of the distribution of radioactivity in the body through emission of positrons
79
PET-CT scan
combination of PET and CT
80
single photon emission computed tomography
technique involves an intravenous injection of radioactive tracer and computer reconstruction of 3D image base don composite of many views
81
Technetium Tc99 sestamibi (cardiolite) scan
technetium radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously and traced to the heart muscle
82
multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Tc99 is injected intravenously to study the motion to study the motion of the heart wall muscle and the ventricles ability to eject blood
83
thallium scan
Thallium 201 is injected intravenously to evaluate myocardial perfusion
84
thyroid scan
iodine 123 is administered orally and the scan reveals the size, shape , and position of the thyroid gland
85
radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
patient is given radioactive iodine 131 in a liquid or capsule form and then a sensor is placed over the thyroid gland

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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