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MRI Med Term > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

radiology

A

study of application of x-rays and other technologies to produce and interpret images of the human body for the diagnosis of disease

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2
Q

x-ray

A

invisible waves of energy that are produced by an energy source and are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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3
Q

nuclear medicine

A

uses radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of disease

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4
Q

radionuclides

A

substance that gives off high energy particles or rays as it disintegrates

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5
Q

radioactivity

A

spontaneous emission of energy in the form of particles or rays coming from the interior of a substance

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6
Q

3 types of radioactivity

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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7
Q

gamma rays

A

a diagnostic label to trace the path and uptake of chemical substances in the body

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8
Q

radiologist

A

a physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology

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9
Q

nuclear medicine physician

A

specializes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedures

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10
Q

radiographers

A

who aids physicians in administering diagnostic x-ray procedures

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11
Q

nuclear medicine technologist

A

attend to patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures and operate devices under the direction of the nuclear physician

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12
Q

sonographers

A

aid physicians in performing ultrasound procedures

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13
Q

characteristic of x-rays

A
  • can expose photographic plate
  • penetrate different substances to varying degrees
  • invisible
  • travel straight lines
  • scatters
  • ionization
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14
Q

radiolucent

A

permits passage of most x-rays

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15
Q

radiopaque

A
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16
Q

film badge

A

detect and record amount of radiation exposure

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17
Q

digital radiography

A

form of x-ray which digital sensor are used instead of photographic film

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18
Q

mammography

A

lose dose x-ray to visualize breast tissue

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19
Q

CT

A

beams x-rays at multiple angles through a section of a patient’s body

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20
Q

multidetector CT
MDCT scanners

A

state of the art scanners that produce 64,128,256, 320 images per rotation

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21
Q

barium sulfate

A

radiopaque substance that is mixed with water and is used for examination of upper and lower GI tract

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22
Q

upper GI (UGI)

A

oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized

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23
Q

small bowel follow through (SBFT)

A

traces passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through small intestine

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24
Q

barium enema

A

study of lower GI series that opacifies the lumen of the large intestine via enema

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25
Q

double contrast study

A

uses both radiopaque and radiolucent contrast medium

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26
Q

angiography

A

x-ray image of blood vessels and heart chambers is obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber

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27
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray imaging after injection of contrast into bile duct

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28
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

A

injecting contrast directly into the common bile duct

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29
Q

intraoperative cholangiography

A

after surgery of the gallbladder or biliary tract

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30
Q

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

A

injection of contrast via needle through the skin into the liver

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31
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

taking two x-ray pictures and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image
- injected blood vessels

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32
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

x-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes
- injection of contrast material through vagina and into endocervical canal

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33
Q

myelography

A

x-ray imaging of the spinal cord after injection of contrast into the subarachnoid space surrounding spinal cord

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34
Q

pyelography

A

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and urinary tract

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35
Q

retrograde pyelography

A

catheter is placed through urethra, bladder, and ureter and into the renal pelvis

36
Q

urography

A

process of recording x-ray images of the urinary tract after the introduction of contrast

37
Q

digital imaging techniques

A

used to enhance conventional and fluoroscopic x-ray images

38
Q

interventional radiology

A

invasive procedures (therapeutic or diagnostic) usually under CT or ultrasound guidance or with fluoroscopic imaging

39
Q

fluoroscopy

A

the use of x-rays and a fluorescent screen to produce real time video images

40
Q

radiofrequency ablation

A

destruction of tumors and tissues (liver, kidney, lungs, and adrenals)

41
Q

ultrasound imaging
ultrasonography

A

uses high frequency inaudible sound waves that bounce off body tissues and are then recorded to give information about anatomy of internal organ

42
Q

transducer
probe

A

instrument placed near or on the skin to ensure good transmission of sound waves

43
Q

sonogram

A

record produced by ultrasound imaging

44
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound technique to detect heart valve and blood vessel

45
Q

Doppler ultrasound
color flow imaging

A

records blood flow velocity

46
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography

A

a small ultrasound transducer is attached to the tip of the endoscope that is inserted into the body

47
Q

functional MRI (fMRI)

A

measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

48
Q

gadolinium

A

contrast agent that enhances vessels and tissues, increases the sensitivity for lesion detection, and helps differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues and structures

49
Q

posteroanterior (PA) view

A

posterior placed source to an anterior placed detector

50
Q

anteroposterior (AP) view

A

anteriorly placed source to posteriorly placed detector

51
Q

left lateral view

A

source located to the right of the patient to a detector placed to the left of the patient

52
Q

oblique view

A

x-rays travel in slanting direction at an angle to form a perpendicular plane

53
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

54
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

55
Q

decubitus

A

lying down

56
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

57
Q

extension

A

lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

58
Q

flexion

A

bending a part of a body

59
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

60
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

61
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

62
Q

supine

A

lying on the back

63
Q

half life

A

time required for a radioactive substance to lose half of its radioactivity by disintegration

64
Q

technetium-99m

A

pure gamma emitter with a half life of 6 hours

65
Q

in vitro

A

in test tube

66
Q

in vivo

A

in the body

67
Q

radioimmuniassay

A

an vitro procedure that combines the use of radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect hormones and drugs in a patient’s blood

68
Q

tracer studies

A

radionuclides are used as tags or labels attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body

69
Q

radiopharmaceutical
radiolabeled compound

A

radioactive drug that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

70
Q

gamma camera

A

external detection instrument used to determine the distribution and localization of the radiopharmaceutical in various organs, tissues, and fluids

71
Q

radionuclide scanning

A

procedure of making an image by tracking the distribution of radioactive substance in the body

72
Q

uptake

A

the rate of absorption of the radiopharmaceutical into an organ or tissue

73
Q

ventilation study

A

radiolabeled gas or aerosol is inhaled to fill the air sacs before imaging

74
Q

perfusion study (lung scan)

A

radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously so that radioactive compound travels through the capillary of the lungs

75
Q

bone scan

A

technetium- 99m is used to label a phosphate containing substance

76
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A
77
Q

radiotracer

A

radioactive isotope injected under the skin or deeper using a small needle

78
Q

positron emission tomography

A

radionuclide technique that produces images of the distribution of radioactivity in the body through emission of positrons

79
Q

PET-CT scan

A

combination of PET and CT

80
Q

single photon emission computed tomography

A

technique involves an intravenous injection of radioactive tracer and computer reconstruction of 3D image base don composite of many views

81
Q

Technetium Tc99 sestamibi (cardiolite) scan

A

technetium radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously and traced to the heart muscle

82
Q

multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

A

Tc99 is injected intravenously to study the motion to study the motion of the heart wall muscle and the ventricles ability to eject blood

83
Q

thallium scan

A

Thallium 201 is injected intravenously to evaluate myocardial perfusion

84
Q

thyroid scan

A

iodine 123 is administered orally and the scan reveals the size, shape , and position of the thyroid gland

85
Q

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

A

patient is given radioactive iodine 131 in a liquid or capsule form and then a sensor is placed over the thyroid gland

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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