Chapter 22 Flashcards
psychiatry
branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness
pyschotherapy
treats mental disorder
psychopharmacology
drug therapy
child psychiatrists
treatment of children
forensic pyschiatrists
specialize in legal aspects of psychiatry like determination of mental competence in criminal cases
psychoanalysis
patient freely relates her/his thoughts and associations to the analyst, who doesn’t interfere with the process
pyschologist
non medical professional who is trained in methods of psychological testing, pyschotherapy, and research
clinical pyschology
patient oriented
experimental research
social psychology
focusing on social interaction and the ways the actions of other influence behavior of an individual
Rorschach technique
inkblot test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
pictured are used as stimuli for making up stories
draw a person test
patient is asked to copy a body
Bender-Gestalt test
patient is asked to draw certain shapes
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
true/false questions reveal aspects of personality (sense of duty, ability to relate, and dominance)
id
unconscious instincts and psychic energy present at birth
ego
central coordinating branch of the personality
superego
internalized conscience and moral part of the personality
defense mechanisms
techniques used to ward off the anxiety produced by these conflicts
psychosis
abnormal conditions that affect the mind especially loss of contact with reality
psychotic disorder
significant impairment of reality testing
delusions
false beliefs
hallucinations
false sensory perceptions
anxiety
the experience of unpleasant tension, distress, troubled feelings, and avoidance behavior
panic attack
abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches peak within minutes
panic disorder
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack between episodes
phobic disorders
irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation
agoraphobia
fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or where help might not be available or going out alone in unsafe places
social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
fear of situations in which the affected person is open to scrutiny which could result in possible embarrassment or humiliation
claustrophobia
fear of closed place
acrophobia
fear of heights
zoophobia
fear of animals
obssessive compulsive disorder ( OCD)
involves recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts that dominate the patient’s life
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
development of symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event
generalized anxiety disorder
chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even then there is little to nothing to provoke such feelings
bipolar disorder
one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes
hypomania
mania with less intensity
bipolar disorder I
one or more manic episodes often alternating with major manic episodes
bipolar disorder II
recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic epidsodes
cyclothymic disorder
mild form of bipolar disorder by at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms
- does not meet criteria for mania and depressive
depressive disorder
marked by occurrence of one or more depressive episodes without history of mania or hypomania
major depressive disorder
involves episodes of severe dysphoria
dysphoria
sadness, hopelessness, worry, discouragement
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
depressed mood that persist over 2 year period
- not as severe as major depression
seasonal affective disorder
a regular appearance of depression may occur between the beginning of October and end of November
dissociative disorder
escape reality through amnesia, fugue, and alternate identities
identity disorder
2 or more distinct personality states
dissociative amnesia
inability to recall autobiographical info
depersonalization/derealization disorder
experience’s of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts and surroundings
annorexia
refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight
bulimia
binge eating followed by purging
neurocognitive disorder
marked by disturbances in cognition
delirium
acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, and behavioral changes
delirium tremens
stopping alcohol consumption suddenly after prolonged periods of heavy usage
dementia
progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as judgment, memory, and reasoning
- changes in personality too
neurodevelopmental disorders
group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication
intellectual disabilty disorders
mental retardation
deficits in intellectual functions and inability to adapt and interact in activities of daily life
communication disorder
persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language
autism spectrum disorder
difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and social and play interactions
- seen usually by 3 yo
high functioning ASD
normal language and intelligence but doesn’t know how to interact with others
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity that interferes with functioning or development
specific learning disorders
difficulties in learning and using academic skills
motor disorders
children display a lack of coordination, movement, and tics
personality disorder
enduring pattern of thinking and behavior contrary to what is culturally acceptable
paranoid
pattern of distrust and suspiciousness
schizoid
pattern of detachments from social relationships with restricted range of emotions
schizotypal
pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships
accompanied by odd beliefs, magical thinking, clairvoyance, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations
antisocial
pattern for disregard for and violation of the rights of others
- no loyalty or concern for others
- only on own desires and impulses
borderline
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self
histrionic
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
narcissistic
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
avoidance
pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negatuce evaluation
dependent
pattern of submissive and clingy behavior
- excessive need to be taken care of
obsessive compulsive
pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and control
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech
delusions
fixed beliefs that are not easy to change light of conflict evidence
hallucinations
hearing voices or sounds that do not exits
disorganized thinking (speech)
person may switch from one topic to another resulting in incoherent, incomprehensible speech
abnormal motor behavior
involuntary movements and mannerism from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitations
catatonic behavior
marked by decrease in reactivity to the environment
sexual dystunctions
disturbances in person’s ability to response sexually or to experience please ]
paraphilas
characterized by recurrent, intense, sexual urge, fantasies or behaviors that involve sexual objects, activities, or situations
exhibitionism
compulsive need to expose one’s body (esp. genitals) to an unsuspecting stranger
fetishism
use of nonliving objects as substitutes for human sexual love
pedophilia
sexual urges and fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child
sexual masochism
sexual gratification gained when humiliated, beaten, bound or made to suffer
sexual sadism
sexual gratification gained from inflicting pain
transvestic fetishism
cross-dressing
voyeurism
sexual excitement when observing unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing or engaging in sexual activity
somatic symptoms
mental conflicts are expressed as physical
illness anxiety disorder
marked by preoccupation with having or acquiring a sever illness
conversion disorder
specific neurologic sign or symptoms with no actual, organic basis
repression
defense mechanism in which a person removes unacceptable ideas or impulses from consciousness)
psychological dependence
compulsion to continue taking a drug despite adverse consequences
physiologic dependence
onset of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
tolerance
declining effect of the drug so that dose must be increased
amphetamines
CNS stimulants are taken orally or intravenously
hallucinogens
produce a state of CNS excitement, hallucinations, delusions, hypertnesions, and mood changes
opioids
pain killers, anesthetics or cough suppresants
sedative
hypnotics
anxiolytics
soothing, relaxing, euphoric effect, and can produce sleep
pyschotherapy
treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychotherapeutic techniques
cognitive behavioral therapy
short term, focuses psychotherapy for a wide range of psychological problems
family therapy
treatment for the entire family
group therapy
patients with similar problems gain insight into the own personalities through discussions and interaction with each other
pyschodrama
patients express their feelings by acting out roles
hypnosis
a trance is created to help in recovery of deeply repressed memories
insight oriented pyschotherapy
face to face discussion of life problems and associated feelings
play therapy
child uses toys to express conflicts and feels they are unable to communicate
pyschoanalysis
long term, intense pyschotherapy seeks to influence behavior and resolve inner conflicts by bringing unconscious emotions to the surface
free association
patient speaks their thoughts one after another without censorship
transference
patient relates to the therapist as if they a prominent figure in early childhood
sex therapy
therapy that can help overcome sexual dysfunctions
frigidity
inhibited sexual response in women
impotence
inability for a man to achieve and/or maintain an erection
premature ejaculation
release of semen before coitus
supportive pyschotherapy
offers encouragement, support, and hope for patients during difficult life transitions and events
electroconvulsive therapy
electr current applied to the brain after patient is anesthetized
antianxiety and antipanic agentes
lessens anxiety, tension, and agitation
benzodiazephines
antianxiety angents, sedatives or anticonvulsants
antidepressants
reverse depression and return patient to more even state
- SSRI & SNRI reuptake inhibitors
tricyclic antidepressants
3 ring infused
monoaimine oxidase inhibitors
supresses enzyme that normally breaks down neurotransmitters
antipsychotic’s
treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other illnesses
- aka neuroleptics
mood stabilizers
used to treat patients with mood changes like bipolar disorder
lithium
reduced frequencyand severity of manic symptoms
hypnotic
used to produce sleep
stimulants
used for ADHD
