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MRI Med Term > Chapter 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

glands

A
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2
Q

hormones

A

specific chemical messengers

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3
Q

receptors

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so the a response can be elicited

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4
Q

target tissues

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

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5
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones directly into blood stream

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6
Q

exocrine gland

A

send chemical substances via ducts outside of

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7
Q

pineal gland

A
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8
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A
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9
Q

melatonin

A
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10
Q

erythropoietin

A
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11
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A
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12
Q

cholecystokinin

A
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13
Q

prostaglandins

A
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14
Q

thyroid gland

A

right and left lobes on either side of the trachea

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15
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

covers the larynx and produces the prominence in the neck “ Adam’s Apple”

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16
Q

isthmus

A

narrow strip of glandular tissue that connects the two lobes on the anterior surface of the trachea

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17
Q

Two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

A

thyroxine/ tetraiodothyronine (T4)
triiodothyroinie (T3)

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18
Q

calcitonin

A
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19
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small oval bodies located on the dorsal side of thyroid gland

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20
Q

parathyroid hormone
parathormone

A

the hormone that mobilizes calcium from bone into the blood stream

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21
Q

homeostasis

A

equilibrium or constancy in the internal environment

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22
Q

adrenal cortex

A

secretes 3 types of corticosteroids
- glucocorticoids
- mineralocorticoids
- sex hormones

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23
Q

glucocorticoids

A

there steroid hormones are important in the influence the metabolism of sugar, fats, and proteins within all body cells
- has an anti-inflammatory effect

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24
Q

cortisol

A

helps regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

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25
cortisone
synthetic cortisol - used to treat inflammatory conditions like RA
26
mineralocorticoids aldosterone
regulates the concentration of mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body
27
sex hormones
androgens(testosterones) and estrogens are secreted in small amounts and influence secondary sex characteristics
28
3 S's of the main adrenal cortex hormones
sugar salt sex
29
adrenal medulla 2 types of catecholamine
epinephrine (adrenaline) norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
30
epinephrine (adrenaline)
increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates bronchial tubes and releases glucose
31
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure
32
sympathomimetic
they mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
33
islets of Langerhans islet cells
these cells secrete digestive enzymes into the GI tract - makes insulin and glucagon
34
insulin
lowers blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver produced by Beta cells
35
glucagon
produced by alpha cells
36
glucose
sugar
37
pituitary gland hypophysis
pea sized gland in the sella turcica
38
pituitary 2 distinct parts
anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis
39
anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis
composed of glandular epithelial tissue
40
posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis
composed of verous tissue
41
hypothalamus
control secretions by the pituitary gland
42
major hormones of the anterior pituitary gland
- growth hormones (GH) / somatotropin -thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/thyrotropin - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/ adrenocorticotropin - gonadotropic hormones -Prolactin
43
major hormones of the posterior pituitary gland
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vassopressin - oxytocin (OT)
44
growth hormones (GH) / somatotropin
promotes protein synthesis that results in the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues
45
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/thyrotropin
stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
46
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/ adrenocorticotropin
stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and increases its secretion of steroid hormones
47
gonadotropic hormones
influence the growth and hormones secretion of the ovaries and testes
48
follicle stimulating hormone luteinizing hormones
stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries, production of hormones, and ovulation
49
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vassopressin
stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules
50
oxytocin (OT)
stimulates the uterus to contract during child birth and maintains labor during childbirth
51
ovaries
produce the female gamete as well as hormones that are responsible for female sex characteristics and regulation of menstrual cycle
52
estrogen
stimulate development of ova and development of female secondary traits
53
progesterone
responsible for the preparation and maintenance of the uterus in pregnancy
54
teste
two small ovoid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male by the spermatic cord and surrounded by the scrotal sac
55
testoterone
male gametes aka spermatozoa
56
androgen
male steroid hormones'
57
adrenal cortex
outer section of each adrenal gland - secrete cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones
58
adrenal medulla
inner section of the adrenal gland - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
59
ovaries
responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
60
pancreas
Islet cells secrete hormones to the pancreas
61
parathyroid glands
4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
62
pituitary gland
anterior and posterior lobs
63
testes
2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac - responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
64
thyroid gland
on the sides of the trachea - secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
65
adrenaline (epinephrine)
secreted by the adrenal medulla - increases heart rate and BP
66
adrenocorticotropic
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland - stimulates adrenal cortex
67
aldosterone
secreted by the adrenal cortex - increase slat reabsorption
68
androgen
male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex
69
antidiuretic hormone
secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland - increases reabsorption of water by kidney
70
cortisol
secreted by the thyroid - decreases calcium levels
71
calcitonin
secreted by adrenal cortex - increases blood sugar during time of stress anti-inflammatory effect
72
-epinephrine
secreted by adrenal medulla - increases HR and BP and dilates airway
73
estradiol
estrogen secreted by the ovaries
74
estrogen
female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent adrenal cortex
75
follicle stimulating hormone
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland - stimulates hormone secretion and egg production
76
glucagon
secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas - increased blood sugar (glycogen >glucose)
77
growth hormone (somatotropin)
secreted by anterior lobe - stimulates growth of bone and soft tissuesi
78
insulin
secreted by beta islet cells - helps glucose to pass into cell (glucose >glycogen)
79
luteinizing hormone
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland - stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone for males
80
norepinephrine
secreted by adrenal medulla - increases HR and BP
81
oxytocin
secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland - stimulates contraction of the uterus during child birth
82
parathormone
secreted by the parathyroid glands - increase blood calcium
83
progesterone
secreted by ovaries - prepares uterus for pregnancy
84
prolactin
secreted by anterior lobe - promotes milk secretion
85
somatotropin
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland - growth hormone
86
testosterone
male hormone secreted by testes
87
thyroid stimulating hormone
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland - promotes function of thyroid
88
thyroxine (T4)
secreted by thyroid - increases metabolism in cells
89
triiodothyronine (T3)
secreted by thyroid gland - increases metabolism in clls
90
vasopressin
secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland - increases water reabsorption and raises BP
91
catecholamines
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by adrenal medulla
92
corticoseriods
hormones produced by adrenal cortex
93
electrolyte
mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning cells
94
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex - regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
95
hormone
chemical secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function
96
hypothalamus
secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
97
mineralocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body
98
sella turcica
contains pituitary gland - at the base of the skull
99
sex hormones
steroids produced by adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
100
steroid
complex substance related to fats and of which hormones are made
101
sympathomimetic
pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system
102
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland - thyrotoxicosis
103
Graves disease
104
hypothyroidism
underactivity of the thyroid gland
105
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland
106
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathormone
107
hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone
108
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal andrgoens
109
Cushing syndrome
group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
110
Addison disease
hypo functioning of the adrenal cortex
111
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
112
hyperinsulinism
excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia
113
diabetes mellitus
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells
114
acromegaly
hypersecretion of growth hormones from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlarged extremities
115
gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty
116
dwarfism
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone
117
panhypopituitarism
deficiency of all pituitary hormones
118
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone
119
diabetes insipidus
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
120
fasting plasma glucose
fasting blood sugar test
121
serum and urine test
measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function
122
thyroid function tests
measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in bloodstream
123
exophthalmometry
measurement of eyeball protrusion
124
thyroid scan
scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland
125

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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