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mri med term > Chapter 18 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

glands

A
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2
Q

hormones

A

specific chemical messengers

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3
Q

receptors

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so the a response can be elicited

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4
Q

target tissues

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

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5
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones directly into blood stream

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6
Q

exocrine gland

A

send chemical substances via ducts outside of

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7
Q

pineal gland

A
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8
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A
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9
Q

melatonin

A
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10
Q

erythropoietin

A
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11
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A
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12
Q

cholecystokinin

A
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13
Q

prostaglandins

A
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14
Q

thyroid gland

A

right and left lobes on either side of the trachea

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15
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

covers the larynx and produces the prominence in the neck “ Adam’s Apple”

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16
Q

isthmus

A

narrow strip of glandular tissue that connects the two lobes on the anterior surface of the trachea

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17
Q

Two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

A

thyroxine/ tetraiodothyronine (T4)
triiodothyroinie (T3)

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18
Q

calcitonin

A
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19
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small oval bodies located on the dorsal side of thyroid gland

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20
Q

parathyroid hormone
parathormone

A

the hormone that mobilizes calcium from bone into the blood stream

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21
Q

homeostasis

A

equilibrium or constancy in the internal environment

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22
Q

adrenal cortex

A

secretes 3 types of corticosteroids
- glucocorticoids
- mineralocorticoids
- sex hormones

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23
Q

glucocorticoids

A

there steroid hormones are important in the influence the metabolism of sugar, fats, and proteins within all body cells
- has an anti-inflammatory effect

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24
Q

cortisol

A

helps regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

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25
Q

cortisone

A

synthetic cortisol
- used to treat inflammatory conditions like RA

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26
Q

mineralocorticoids
aldosterone

A

regulates the concentration of mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body

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27
Q

sex hormones

A

androgens(testosterones) and estrogens are secreted in small amounts and influence secondary sex characteristics

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28
Q

3 S’s of the main adrenal cortex hormones

A

sugar
salt
sex

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29
Q

adrenal medulla 2 types of catecholamine

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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30
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates bronchial tubes and releases glucose

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31
Q

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure

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32
Q

sympathomimetic

A

they mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system

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33
Q

islets of Langerhans
islet cells

A

these cells secrete digestive enzymes into the GI tract
- makes insulin and glucagon

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34
Q

insulin

A

lowers blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver
produced by Beta cells

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35
Q

glucagon

A

produced by alpha cells

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36
Q

glucose

A

sugar

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37
Q

pituitary gland
hypophysis

A

pea sized gland in the sella turcica

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38
Q

pituitary 2 distinct parts

A

anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis
posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis

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39
Q

anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis

A

composed of glandular epithelial tissue

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40
Q

posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis

A

composed of verous tissue

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41
Q

hypothalamus

A

control secretions by the pituitary gland

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42
Q

major hormones of the anterior pituitary gland

A
  • growth hormones (GH) / somatotropin
    -thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/thyrotropin
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/ adrenocorticotropin
  • gonadotropic hormones
    -Prolactin
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43
Q

major hormones of the posterior pituitary gland

A
  • antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vassopressin
  • oxytocin (OT)
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44
Q

growth hormones (GH) / somatotropin

A

promotes protein synthesis that results in the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues

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45
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)/thyrotropin

A

stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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46
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/ adrenocorticotropin

A

stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and increases its secretion of steroid hormones

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47
Q

gonadotropic hormones

A

influence the growth and hormones secretion of the ovaries and testes

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48
Q

follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormones

A

stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries, production of hormones, and ovulation

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49
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vassopressin

A

stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules

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50
Q

oxytocin (OT)

A

stimulates the uterus to contract during child birth and maintains labor during childbirth

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51
Q

ovaries

A

produce the female gamete as well as hormones that are responsible for female sex characteristics and regulation of menstrual cycle

52
Q

estrogen

A

stimulate development of ova and development of female secondary traits

53
Q

progesterone

A

responsible for the preparation and maintenance of the uterus in pregnancy

54
Q

teste

A

two small ovoid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male by the spermatic cord and surrounded by the scrotal sac

55
Q

testoterone

A

male gametes aka spermatozoa

56
Q

androgen

A

male steroid hormones’

57
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section of each adrenal gland
- secrete cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones

58
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section of the adrenal gland
- secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

59
Q

ovaries

A

responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

60
Q

pancreas

A

Islet cells secrete hormones to the pancreas

61
Q

parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

62
Q

pituitary gland

A

anterior and posterior lobs

63
Q

testes

A

2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac
- responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

64
Q

thyroid gland

A

on the sides of the trachea
- secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

65
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla
- increases heart rate and BP

66
Q

adrenocorticotropic

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- stimulates adrenal cortex

67
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex
- increase slat reabsorption

68
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex

69
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland
- increases reabsorption of water by kidney

70
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the thyroid
- decreases calcium levels

71
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by adrenal cortex
- increases blood sugar during time of stress
anti-inflammatory effect

72
Q

-epinephrine

A

secreted by adrenal medulla
- increases HR and BP and dilates airway

73
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

74
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent adrenal cortex

75
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- stimulates hormone secretion and egg production

76
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas
- increased blood sugar (glycogen >glucose)

77
Q

growth hormone (somatotropin)

A

secreted by anterior lobe
- stimulates growth of bone and soft tissuesi

78
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells
- helps glucose to pass into cell
(glucose >glycogen)

79
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone for males

80
Q

norepinephrine

A

secreted by adrenal medulla
- increases HR and BP

81
Q

oxytocin

A

secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland
- stimulates contraction of the uterus during child birth

82
Q

parathormone

A

secreted by the parathyroid glands
- increase blood calcium

83
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by ovaries
- prepares uterus for pregnancy

84
Q

prolactin

A

secreted by anterior lobe
- promotes milk secretion

85
Q

somatotropin

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- growth hormone

86
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by testes

87
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- promotes function of thyroid

88
Q

thyroxine (T4)

A

secreted by thyroid
- increases metabolism in cells

89
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

secreted by thyroid gland
- increases metabolism in clls

90
Q

vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland
- increases water reabsorption and raises BP

91
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by adrenal medulla

92
Q

corticoseriods

A

hormones produced by adrenal cortex

93
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning cells

94
Q

glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
- regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

95
Q

hormone

A

chemical secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function

96
Q

hypothalamus

A

secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

97
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

98
Q

sella turcica

A

contains pituitary gland
- at the base of the skull

99
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids produced by adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

100
Q

steroid

A

complex substance related to fats and of which hormones are made

101
Q

sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

102
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland
- thyrotoxicosis

103
Q

Graves disease

A
104
Q

hypothyroidism

A

underactivity of the thyroid gland

105
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

cancer of the thyroid gland

106
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive production of parathormone

107
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

108
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal andrgoens

109
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

110
Q

Addison disease

A

hypo functioning of the adrenal cortex

111
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

112
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

113
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

114
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of growth hormones from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlarged extremities

115
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty

116
Q

dwarfism

A

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone

117
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

118
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

119
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

120
Q

fasting plasma glucose

A

fasting blood sugar test

121
Q

serum and urine test

A

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function

122
Q

thyroid function tests

A

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in bloodstream

123
Q

exophthalmometry

A

measurement of eyeball protrusion

124
Q

thyroid scan

A

scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

125
Q
A

mri med term (36 decks)

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