Chapter 2: The Body

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

fundamental unit of all living things
- specialized to carry out a function

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

surrounds and protects the cell

Question 3

nucelus

Answer 3

controls operation of the cell
- directs cell division
determines structure and function

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

rod like structures in the cell

Question 5

how many chromosomes in a cell?

Answer 5

46 (23 pairs)

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

all material outside of the nucleus and inside of the cell membrane
- carries on the work of the cell
supplies chemical needs of the cell

Question 7

mitchondria

Answer 7

sausage shaped bodies that provide principle source of energy for the cell

Question 8

catabolism

Answer 8

breakdown of large proteins to small proteins
- to release energy in mitochondria

Question 9

anabolism

Answer 9

process of building up large proteins from small proteins (amino acids)

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

network of canals in the cell
- allows catabolism to happen and release energy

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

long chains of proteins

Question 12

metabolism

Answer 12

total chemical process (anabolism + catabolism)

Question 13

muscle cell

Answer 13

long and slender
- contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

Question 14

epithelial cell

Answer 14

square and flat
- provides protection
ex: skin and lining cell

Question 15

nerve cells

Answer 15

long and contains fibrous extensions

Question 16

histologist

Answer 16

scientist who studies tissues

Question 17

connective tissues

Answer 17

adipose- fat
cartilage- elastic, fibrous
bone
blood

Question 18

digestive system

Answer 18

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
intestines
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 19

urinary system

Answer 19

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 20

respiratory system

Answer 20

nose
pharynx
larynx
bronchial tubes
lungs

Question 21

female reproductive system

Answer 21

ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands

Question 22

male reproductive sysytem

Answer 22

testes + tubes, urethra
penis
prostate gland

Question 23

endocrine system

Answer 23

thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sex glands
adrenal grands
pancreas (Islet of Langerhans)
parathyroid glands

Question 24

nervous system

Answer 24

brain
spinal cord
nerves
collection of nerves

Question 25

circulatory system

Answer 25

heart blood vessels lymphatic vessels and nodes spleen thymus

Question 26

musculoskeletal system

Answer 26

muscles bones joints

Question 27

adipose tissue

Answer 27

collection of fat cells

Question 28

cartilage

Answer 28

flexible connective tissue - attaches bones to joints

Question 29

larynx

Answer 29

the voice box - located above trachea

Question 30

pharynx

Answer 30

the throat - passage way for food and air

Question 31

trachea

Answer 31

the windpipe - from larynx to bronchioles

Question 32

pituitary glands

Answer 32

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 33

thyroid gland

Answer 33

surrounds trachea in the neck

Question 34

ureter

Answer 34

2 tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 35

urethra

Answer 35

tube from urethra to outside the body

Question 36

uterus

Answer 36

the womb - where the embryo/fetus develops

Question 37

cranial cavity

Answer 37

brain pituitary glands

Question 38

pleural

Answer 38

surrounds each lung - protection

Question 39

thoracic cavity

Answer 39

lungs heart esophagus trachea bronchial tubes thymus gland aorta

Question 40

mediastinum

Answer 40

middle portion between the lungs

Question 41

abdominal cavity

Answer 41

liver stomach gallbladder intestines

Question 42

peritoneum

Answer 42

membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Question 43

pelvic cavity

Answer 43

large intestines small intestines rectum bladder ureters urethra - uterus & vagina for women

Question 44

spinal cavity

Answer 44

nerves of the spinal cord spinal cord

Question 45

RUQ

Answer 45

R lobe of liver gallbladder pancreas large intestines small intestines

Question 46

LUQ

Answer 46

L lobe of liver stomach spleen pancreas large intestines small intestines

Question 47

RLQ

Answer 47

R ovary R fallopian tube R ureter appendix large intestines small intestines

Question 48

LLQ

Answer 48

L ovary L fallopian tube L ureter large intestines small intestines

Question 49

Cervical spine

Answer 49

the neck C1-7

Question 50

Thoracic spine

Answer 50

the chest T1-12

Question 51

Lumbar spine

Answer 51

the lower back L1-5

Question 52

Sacral

Answer 52

forms sacrum S1-5

Question 53

Coccygeal

Answer 53

the tailbone 5 bones fused together

Question 54

vertebra

Answer 54

a single backbone

Question 55

vertebrae

Answer 55

backbones

Question 56

spinal column

Answer 56

bone tissue surround the spinal cavity

Question 57

spinal cord

Answer 57

nervous tissue w/in spinal cavity

Question 58

disc

Answer 58

cartilage between vertebrae

Question 59

posterior dorsal

Answer 59

back side

Question 60

anterior ventral

Answer 60

front side

Question 61

deep

Answer 61

away from the surface

Question 62

superficial

Answer 62

on the surface

Question 63

proximal

Answer 63

near the point of attachment

Question 64

distal

Answer 64

far from the point of attachment

Question 65

inferior caudal

Answer 65

below structure

Question 66

superior cephalic

Answer 66

above a structure

Question 67

medial

Answer 67

the middle

Question 68

lateral

Answer 68

the side

Question 69

supine

Answer 69

laying face up lying on the back

Question 70

prone

Answer 70

lying on the belly

Question 71

frontal coronal

Answer 71

anterior and posterior

Question 72

sagittal lateral

Answer 72

left and right

Question 73

transverse axial

Answer 73

cross section - dividing the body up and down