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mri med term > Chapter 2: The Body > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Body Flashcards

1
Q

cell

A

fundamental unit of all living things
- specialized to carry out a function

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds and protects the cell

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3
Q

nucelus

A

controls operation of the cell
- directs cell division
determines structure and function

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

rod like structures in the cell

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5
Q

how many chromosomes in a cell?

A

46 (23 pairs)

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6
Q

cytoplasm

A

all material outside of the nucleus and inside of the cell membrane
- carries on the work of the cell
supplies chemical needs of the cell

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7
Q

mitchondria

A

sausage shaped bodies that provide principle source of energy for the cell

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8
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of large proteins to small proteins
- to release energy in mitochondria

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9
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small proteins (amino acids)

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals in the cell
- allows catabolism to happen and release energy

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

long chains of proteins

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12
Q

metabolism

A

total chemical process (anabolism + catabolism)

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13
Q

muscle cell

A

long and slender
- contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

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14
Q

epithelial cell

A

square and flat
- provides protection
ex: skin and lining cell

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15
Q

nerve cells

A

long and contains fibrous extensions

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16
Q

histologist

A

scientist who studies tissues

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17
Q

connective tissues

A

adipose- fat
cartilage- elastic, fibrous
bone
blood

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18
Q

digestive system

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
intestines
gallbladder
pancreas

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19
Q

urinary system

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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20
Q

respiratory system

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
bronchial tubes
lungs

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21
Q

female reproductive system

A

ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands

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22
Q

male reproductive sysytem

A

testes + tubes, urethra
penis
prostate gland

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23
Q

endocrine system

A

thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sex glands
adrenal grands
pancreas (Islet of Langerhans)
parathyroid glands

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24
Q

nervous system

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves
collection of nerves

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25
Q

circulatory system

A

heart
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels and nodes
spleen
thymus

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26
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

muscles
bones
joints

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27
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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28
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue
- attaches bones to joints

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29
Q

larynx

A

the voice box
- located above trachea

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30
Q

pharynx

A

the throat
- passage way for food and air

31
Q

trachea

A

the windpipe
- from larynx to bronchioles

32
Q

pituitary glands

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

33
Q

thyroid gland

A

surrounds trachea in the neck

34
Q

ureter

A

2 tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

35
Q

urethra

A

tube from urethra to outside the body

36
Q

uterus

A

the womb
- where the embryo/fetus develops

37
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain
pituitary glands

38
Q

pleural

A

surrounds each lung
- protection

39
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lungs
heart
esophagus
trachea
bronchial tubes
thymus gland
aorta

40
Q

mediastinum

A

middle portion between the lungs

41
Q

abdominal cavity

A

liver
stomach
gallbladder
intestines

42
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

43
Q

pelvic cavity

A

large intestines
small intestines
rectum
bladder
ureters
urethra
- uterus & vagina for women

44
Q

spinal cavity

A

nerves of the spinal cord
spinal cord

45
Q

RUQ

A

R lobe of liver
gallbladder
pancreas
large intestines
small intestines

46
Q

LUQ

A

L lobe of liver
stomach
spleen
pancreas
large intestines
small intestines

47
Q

RLQ

A

R ovary
R fallopian tube
R ureter
appendix
large intestines
small intestines

48
Q

LLQ

A

L ovary
L fallopian tube
L ureter
large intestines
small intestines

49
Q

Cervical spine

A

the neck
C1-7

50
Q

Thoracic spine

A

the chest
T1-12

51
Q

Lumbar spine

A

the lower back
L1-5

52
Q

Sacral

A

forms sacrum
S1-5

53
Q

Coccygeal

A

the tailbone
5 bones fused together

54
Q

vertebra

A

a single backbone

55
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

56
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surround the spinal cavity

57
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue w/in spinal cavity

58
Q

disc

A

cartilage between vertebrae

59
Q

posterior
dorsal

A

back side

60
Q

anterior
ventral

A

front side

61
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

62
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

63
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment

64
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment

65
Q

inferior
caudal

A

below structure

66
Q

superior
cephalic

A

above a structure

67
Q

medial

A

the middle

68
Q

lateral

A

the side

69
Q

supine

A

laying face up
lying on the back

70
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

71
Q

frontal
coronal

A

anterior and posterior

72
Q

sagittal
lateral

A

left and right

73
Q

transverse
axial

A

cross section
- dividing the body up and down

mri med term (36 decks)

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