Chapter 2: The Body Flashcards
cell
fundamental unit of all living things
- specialized to carry out a function
cell membrane
surrounds and protects the cell
nucelus
controls operation of the cell
- directs cell division
determines structure and function
chromosomes
rod like structures in the cell
how many chromosomes in a cell?
46 (23 pairs)
cytoplasm
all material outside of the nucleus and inside of the cell membrane
- carries on the work of the cell
supplies chemical needs of the cell
mitchondria
sausage shaped bodies that provide principle source of energy for the cell
catabolism
breakdown of large proteins to small proteins
- to release energy in mitochondria
anabolism
process of building up large proteins from small proteins (amino acids)
endoplasmic reticulum
network of canals in the cell
- allows catabolism to happen and release energy
ribosomes
long chains of proteins
metabolism
total chemical process (anabolism + catabolism)
muscle cell
long and slender
- contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
epithelial cell
square and flat
- provides protection
ex: skin and lining cell
nerve cells
long and contains fibrous extensions
histologist
scientist who studies tissues
connective tissues
adipose- fat
cartilage- elastic, fibrous
bone
blood
digestive system
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
intestines
gallbladder
pancreas
urinary system
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
respiratory system
nose
pharynx
larynx
bronchial tubes
lungs
female reproductive system
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands
male reproductive sysytem
testes + tubes, urethra
penis
prostate gland
endocrine system
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
sex glands
adrenal grands
pancreas (Islet of Langerhans)
parathyroid glands
nervous system
brain
spinal cord
nerves
collection of nerves
circulatory system
heart
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels and nodes
spleen
thymus
musculoskeletal system
muscles
bones
joints
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
cartilage
flexible connective tissue
- attaches bones to joints
larynx
the voice box
- located above trachea
pharynx
the throat
- passage way for food and air
trachea
the windpipe
- from larynx to bronchioles
pituitary glands
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
thyroid gland
surrounds trachea in the neck
ureter
2 tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
urethra
tube from urethra to outside the body
uterus
the womb
- where the embryo/fetus develops
cranial cavity
brain
pituitary glands
pleural
surrounds each lung
- protection
thoracic cavity
lungs
heart
esophagus
trachea
bronchial tubes
thymus gland
aorta
mediastinum
middle portion between the lungs
abdominal cavity
liver
stomach
gallbladder
intestines
peritoneum
membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
large intestines
small intestines
rectum
bladder
ureters
urethra
- uterus & vagina for women
spinal cavity
nerves of the spinal cord
spinal cord
RUQ
R lobe of liver
gallbladder
pancreas
large intestines
small intestines
LUQ
L lobe of liver
stomach
spleen
pancreas
large intestines
small intestines
RLQ
R ovary
R fallopian tube
R ureter
appendix
large intestines
small intestines
LLQ
L ovary
L fallopian tube
L ureter
large intestines
small intestines
Cervical spine
the neck
C1-7
Thoracic spine
the chest
T1-12
Lumbar spine
the lower back
L1-5
Sacral
forms sacrum
S1-5
Coccygeal
the tailbone
5 bones fused together
vertebra
a single backbone
vertebrae
backbones
spinal column
bone tissue surround the spinal cavity
spinal cord
nervous tissue w/in spinal cavity
disc
cartilage between vertebrae
posterior
dorsal
back side
anterior
ventral
front side
deep
away from the surface
superficial
on the surface
proximal
near the point of attachment
distal
far from the point of attachment
inferior
caudal
below structure
superior
cephalic
above a structure
medial
the middle
lateral
the side
supine
laying face up
lying on the back
prone
lying on the belly
frontal
coronal
anterior and posterior
sagittal
lateral
left and right
transverse
axial
cross section
- dividing the body up and down
