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MRI Med Term > Chapter 7 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

nitrogenous waste products

A

urea
creatinine
uric acid

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2
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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3
Q

electrolytes

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
- ex: sodium and potassium

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4
Q

importance of electrolytes

A

necessary for functioning muscles and nerves
- kidneys maintain the balance

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

body’s ability to maintain equilibrium within the internal environment

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6
Q

renin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure
- to keep blood moving through the kidney

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7
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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8
Q

calciferol

A

vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine

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9
Q

kidney

A

2 bean shaped organs on the sides of the lumbar spine
- removes nitrogenous waste
- balance water and electrolytes
- releases substances

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10
Q

cortex

A

outer region of the kidney

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11
Q

medulla

A

inner region of he kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

depression on the medial border of the kidney

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13
Q

ureter

A

carries urine peristaltic waves from kidneys to bladder

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14
Q

urinary bladder

A

hallow, muscular sac that is a temporary reservoir for urine

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15
Q

trigone

A

triangular region at the base of the bladder

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16
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body

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17
Q

urination
voiding

A

process of expelling urine through the urethra

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18
Q

urinary meatus

A

external opening of the urethra

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19
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids
- inserted through the urethra bladder

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20
Q

aterioles

A

smallest arteries

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21
Q

glomeruli
glomerulus

A

a collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball

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22
Q

filtration

A

process where some substances but not all pass through a filter

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23
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
- a product pf muscle metabolism

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24
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urin

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25
glomerular capsule Bowman capsule
enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus - collects material that is filtered by blood through the walls
26
renal tubule
microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
27
reabsorption
process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
28
secretion
29
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
30
renal pelvis
central collecting region in the kidney
31
calyces calices
small, cup like regions in the renal pelvis
32
cakciferol
active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
33
cortex
outer region of the organ
34
creatinine clearence
a measure of the efficiency of the kidney removing creatinine from the blood
35
hilum
depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
36
meatus
opening or canal
37
medulla
inner region of an organ
38
nitrogenous waste
substance containing nitrogen and excreted by urine
39
potassium
electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that the proper concentration is maintained wuithin the blood
40
renal artery
blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
41
renal vein
blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney
42
sodium
electrolye regulated in the blood and urine by kidneys - needed for porper transmission of nerve impulses , heart activity and metabolic functions
43
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney due to infection
44
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
45
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones renal calculi
46
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
47
polycystic kidney disease
kidney contains masses of cysts
48
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
49
renal cell carcinoma
adult cancer of kidneys
50
renal failure
decrease in excretion of waste results from impaired filtration function
51
renal hypertension
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
52
secondary hypertension
high blood pressure caused by abnormal condition - ex: glomerulonephritis
53
essential hypertension primary hypertension
high blood pressure with no underlying medical condition
54
Wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
55
bladder cancer
malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
56
diabetes insipidus
antidiuretics hormone (ADH) is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
57
diabetes mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
58
BUN ( blood urea nitrogen)
measurement of urea levels in blood
59
CT urohraphy
x-ray CT to show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney
60
KUB (kidney, ureters, bladder)
x-ray exam of kidneys, ureters, and bladder
61
renal angiography
x-ray exam with contrast of the blood vessels of the kidney
62
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray of the renal pelvis and ureters after a contrast injection through urinary catheter into ureters from bladder
63
voiding cystourethrogram
x-ray with contrast of the bladder and urethra while the patient voids
64
utlrasonography
imaging the urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves
65
radioisotope scan
image of the kidney obtained after injecting radioactive substance into bloodstream
66
MRI urography
changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in 3 planes of the body
67
cystoscopy
direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope
68
dialysis
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
69
lithotripsy
urinary tract stones are crushed
70
renal angioplasty
dilation of the narrowed areas in renal arteries
71
renal biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for microscopic exam
72
renal transplantation
surgical transfer of a kidney from a doctor to a recipient
73
urinary catheterization
passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
74
organs of the urinary system
kidney ureters urinary bladder urethra
75
urinalysis test includes
1. color 2. appearance 3.pH (6.5 normal) 4, protein (looks for albumin) 5. glucose (looks for diabetes) 6. specific gravity (amount of waste and materials) 7.ketone bodies (appears when body breaks down fat) 8. sediment- abnormal particles 9. phenylketonuria (lack of enzymes esp. for infants 10. bilirubin
76
what is a normal pH
6.5
77
Protein in the urinalysis
looks for albumin - a leak in glomerular membrane
78
glucose in urinalysis
looks for diabetes
79
specific gravity in urinalysis
amount of waste and materials
80
ketone bodies in urinalysis
appears when body breaks down fats
81
sediments in urinalysis
indicates abnormal particles
82
phenylketonuria in urinalysis
indicates a lack of enzymes esp for infants
83
bilirubin in urinalysis
hemoglobin breakdown

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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