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mri med term > Chapter 7 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

nitrogenous waste products

A

urea
creatinine
uric acid

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2
Q

urea

A

major nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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3
Q

electrolytes

A

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.
- ex: sodium and potassium

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4
Q

importance of electrolytes

A

necessary for functioning muscles and nerves
- kidneys maintain the balance

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

body’s ability to maintain equilibrium within the internal environment

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6
Q

renin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure
- to keep blood moving through the kidney

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7
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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8
Q

calciferol

A

vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine

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9
Q

kidney

A

2 bean shaped organs on the sides of the lumbar spine
- removes nitrogenous waste
- balance water and electrolytes
- releases substances

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10
Q

cortex

A

outer region of the kidney

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11
Q

medulla

A

inner region of he kidney

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12
Q

hilum

A

depression on the medial border of the kidney

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13
Q

ureter

A

carries urine peristaltic waves from kidneys to bladder

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14
Q

urinary bladder

A

hallow, muscular sac that is a temporary reservoir for urine

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15
Q

trigone

A

triangular region at the base of the bladder

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16
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body

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17
Q

urination
voiding

A

process of expelling urine through the urethra

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18
Q

urinary meatus

A

external opening of the urethra

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19
Q

catheter

A

tube for injecting or removing fluids
- inserted through the urethra bladder

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20
Q

aterioles

A

smallest arteries

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21
Q

glomeruli
glomerulus

A

a collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball

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22
Q

filtration

A

process where some substances but not all pass through a filter

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23
Q

creatinine

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
- a product pf muscle metabolism

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24
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urin

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25
Q

glomerular capsule
Bowman capsule

A

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus
- collects material that is filtered by blood through the walls

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26
Q

renal tubule

A

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

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27
Q

reabsorption

A

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

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28
Q

secretion

A
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29
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

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30
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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31
Q

calyces
calices

A

small, cup like regions in the renal pelvis

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32
Q

cakciferol

A

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

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33
Q

cortex

A

outer region of the organ

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34
Q

creatinine clearence

A

a measure of the efficiency of the kidney removing creatinine from the blood

35
Q

hilum

A

depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

36
Q

meatus

A

opening or canal

37
Q

medulla

A

inner region of an organ

38
Q

nitrogenous waste

A

substance containing nitrogen and excreted by urine

39
Q

potassium

A

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that the proper concentration is maintained wuithin the blood

40
Q

renal artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

41
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney

42
Q

sodium

A

electrolye regulated in the blood and urine by kidneys
- needed for porper transmission of nerve impulses , heart activity and metabolic functions

43
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney due to infection

44
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

45
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones
renal calculi

46
Q

nephrotic syndrome
(nephrosis)

A

symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

47
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

kidney contains masses of cysts

48
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

49
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

adult cancer of kidneys

50
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of waste results from impaired filtration function

51
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

52
Q

secondary hypertension

A

high blood pressure caused by abnormal condition
- ex: glomerulonephritis

53
Q

essential hypertension
primary hypertension

A

high blood pressure with no underlying medical condition

54
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

55
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

56
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

antidiuretics hormone (ADH) is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

57
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

58
Q

BUN ( blood urea nitrogen)

A

measurement of urea levels in blood

59
Q

CT urohraphy

A

x-ray CT to show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

60
Q

KUB (kidney, ureters, bladder)

A

x-ray exam of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

61
Q

renal angiography

A

x-ray exam with contrast of the blood vessels of the kidney

62
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray of the renal pelvis and ureters after a contrast injection through urinary catheter into ureters from bladder

63
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

x-ray with contrast of the bladder and urethra while the patient voids

64
Q

utlrasonography

A

imaging the urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves

65
Q

radioisotope scan

A

image of the kidney obtained after injecting radioactive substance into bloodstream

66
Q

MRI urography

A

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in 3 planes of the body

67
Q

cystoscopy

A

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope

68
Q

dialysis

A

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

69
Q

lithotripsy

A

urinary tract stones are crushed

70
Q

renal angioplasty

A

dilation of the narrowed areas in renal arteries

71
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic exam

72
Q

renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a kidney from a doctor to a recipient

73
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

74
Q

organs of the urinary system

A

kidney
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

75
Q

urinalysis test includes

A
  1. color
  2. appearance
    3.pH (6.5 normal)
    4, protein (looks for albumin)
  3. glucose (looks for diabetes)
  4. specific gravity (amount of waste and materials)
    7.ketone bodies (appears when body breaks down fat)
  5. sediment- abnormal particles
  6. phenylketonuria (lack of enzymes esp. for infants
  7. bilirubin
76
Q

what is a normal pH

A

6.5

77
Q

Protein in the urinalysis

A

looks for albumin
- a leak in glomerular membrane

78
Q

glucose in urinalysis

A

looks for diabetes

79
Q

specific gravity in urinalysis

A

amount of waste and materials

80
Q

ketone bodies in urinalysis

A

appears when body breaks down fats

81
Q

sediments in urinalysis

A

indicates abnormal particles

82
Q

phenylketonuria in urinalysis

A

indicates a lack of enzymes esp for infants

83
Q

bilirubin in urinalysis

A

hemoglobin breakdown

mri med term (36 decks)

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