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MRI Med Term > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

drugs

A

substances used to prevent or treat disease or condition

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2
Q

synthesized

A

made in a laboratory

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3
Q

vitamins

A

drugs that are isolated from plant and animal sources and are contained in food

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4
Q

pharmacist

A

prepares and dispenses drugs

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5
Q

pharmacy

A

drug store

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6
Q

prescription

A

order for drugs

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7
Q

pharmacy technician

A

helps pharmacist provide medication and other health care products to patients

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8
Q

pharmacology

A

study of the discovery, properties, uses of drugs

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9
Q

pharmacologist

A

MD or PhD who specializes in study of medicines

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10
Q

subdivisions of Pharmacology

A
  • medicinal chemistry
  • pharmacodynamics
  • pharmacokinetics
  • molecular pharmacology
  • chemotherapy
  • toxicology
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11
Q

medicinal chemistry

A

study of new drug synthesis and relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

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12
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of drug’s effect on its target in the body

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13
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of drug absorption, distributions into body compartments, metabolism, and excretion

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14
Q

molecular pharmacology

A

interaction of drugs and subcellular entities

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15
Q

chemotherapy

A

study of drugs that destroy microorganism, parasites, or malignant cells in the body

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16
Q

toxicology

A

study of harmful effects of drugs and chemical in the body

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17
Q

antidote

A

substance that prevent or reverse the unwanted effects of drugs

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18
Q

chemical name

A

exact chemical makeup of the drug

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19
Q

generic name

A

identifies the drug legally and scientifically

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20
Q

brand name

A

trademark is private property of the individual drug manufacturer

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21
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

government agency having legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use

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22
Q

United State Pharmacopeia

A

reviews the available commercial drugs and continually reappraises their effectiveness in specific medical conditions

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23
Q

hospital formulary

A

gives up to date info about characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage as approved by that particular hospital

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24
Q

Physicians’ Desk Reference

A

reference book that lists drug products

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25
Q

oral administration

A

given by mouth

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26
Q

sublingual administration

A

drug placed on tongue to dissolve in saliva

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27
Q

rectal administration

A

suppositories(cone shaped) and aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum

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28
Q

parenteral administration

A

injection of a drug from a syringe
- under skin, into muscle, vein, or body cavity

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29
Q

pleurodesis

A

obliterating the pleural space and preventing accumulation of fluid

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30
Q

intradermal injection

A

injection into upper layers of skin
- tests for allergic reactions

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31
Q

subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection (subQ)

A

small hypodermic needle into the subcutaneous tissue under skin
- upper arm, thigh, abdomen
-ex: insulin

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32
Q

intramuscular injection (IM)

A

shot in the buttock or upper arm into the muscle
- rapid absorption of single dose

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33
Q

intrathecal instillation

A

into the space under the membranes (meninges) surrounding spinal cord and brain

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34
Q

intravenous injection

A

injection in the vein

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35
Q

inhalation

A

vapors or gases taken into the nose or mouth

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36
Q

aerosols

A

particles of drug suspended in air via inhalation

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37
Q

topical application

A

applied locally on skin or mucous membrane

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38
Q

antiseptics

A

against infection

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39
Q

antipruritics

A

against itching

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40
Q

transdermal patch

A

used to deliver drugs continuously through the skin

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41
Q

receptor

A

specific target

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42
Q

dose

A

amount of drug administered
- usually in grams or milligrams

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43
Q

schedule

A

exact timing and frequency of drug administration

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44
Q

additive action

A

when two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

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45
Q

antagonistic effect

A

two drugs give less than additive effect

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46
Q

synergistic effect

A

when two drugs produce greater than the sum of the individual effects

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47
Q

response

A

desired and beneficial effect of a drug

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48
Q

tolerance

A

larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve desired effect

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49
Q

addiction

A

physical and psychological dependence for a drug and presence of clearly unpleasant effects when that drug is stopped

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50
Q

dependence

A

physiological needs for a drug with prolonged use

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51
Q

controlled substance

A

drugs that produce dependence and have potential for abuse and addiction

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52
Q

idiosyncrasy

A

any unexpected and uncommon side effect that develops after administration of a drg

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53
Q

anaphylaxis

A

acute hypersensitivity with asthma and shock

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54
Q

iatrogenic

A

produced by treatment

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55
Q

iatrogenic reaction

A

disorders can occur however as a result of mistakes in drug use or because of individual sensitivity to a given agent

56
Q

side effects

A

unpleasant effects that routinely result from the drug use

57
Q

conraindications

58
Q

drug resistance

A

loss of effectiveness of a drug

59
Q

analgesic

A

lessens pain
- high end narcotics and opiods

60
Q

nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

example cortisone

61
Q

anesthetics

A

eliminates sensations

62
Q

general anesthetic

A

whole body

63
Q

local/ regional anesthetic

A

limited to a particular region

64
Q

antimicrobial drugs

A

kill or inhibit the growth of microorganism (bacteria, viruses, fungi, an protozoans)

65
Q

antibiotice

A

chemical agents made from molds and bacteria that inhibit or kill bacteria

66
Q

antibacterial drugs

A

interfere with the growth and reproduction of bacteria

67
Q

antitubercular drugs

A

treat tuberculosis

68
Q

antifungals

A

treat fungal infections

69
Q

antiviral

A

used against infections due to viruses
- like flu, herpes, cytomegalovirus

70
Q

antiprotozoans

A

act against infections caused by protozoans that become parasites in humans

71
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent clotting of blood
- heparin and warfarin (coumadin)

72
Q

heparin

A

natural anticoagulant purified from pig intestine or cow lung

73
Q

International normalized ratio test

A

measures blood clotting time and is kept in a safe range of 2.0-3.0

74
Q

tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

dissolves clots and is used to open vessels after myocardial infarction

75
Q

Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACS)

A

direct acting oral coagulant that reduces risk of stroke

76
Q

antiplatelet drugs

A

reduce tendency of platelets to stick together

77
Q

anticonvulsant

A

prevents and reduces frequency of convulsions in seizure or epilepsy

78
Q

antidepressants

A

treat symptoms of depression

79
Q

examples of antidepressants

A
  • tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
  • selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
80
Q

anti-alzheimer drugs

A

treats symptoms of Alzheimers disease
- adis brain neurotransmitters or sheilding brain cells from glutamate (leads to dead brain cells)

81
Q

antidiabetics

A

used to treat diabetes ( insulin is not produced or insensitivity to insulin)

82
Q

biguanides

A

increase insulin, reduce glucose by liver

83
Q

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

temp block enzymes that digest sugars

84
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

enhance glucose uptake into tissues

85
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A

inhibiting enzymes so that cells make more insulin when glucose levels are high

86
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors

A

body to excrete glucose in urine

87
Q

non-insulin injectable medications

A

stim cells in pancreas to make and release insulin

88
Q

antihistamines

A

blocks histamine (allergic reactions)

89
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

dyspnea, hypotension, loss of consciousness

90
Q

antiemetic

A

prevention of nausea

91
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density

92
Q

antiosteoporosis drugs

A

biphosphonates (prevent bone loss) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (increase bone formation)

93
Q

cardiovascular drugs

A

act on heart or blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, mycardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias

94
Q

digoxin

A

helps heart pump more forcefully in heart failure

95
Q

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve performance of heart, and reduce workload

96
Q

angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

97
Q

antiarrhythmics

A

treats abnormal heart rhythms

98
Q

beta blockers

A

slow heart rate, decrease heart output, and reduce BP by blocking the action of epinephrine in the heart muscle and blood vessels

99
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

dilate blood vessels and lower BP
- used to treat arrhythmias

100
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

drug increase the force of contraction of the heart and are used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation
- made from foxglove plant

101
Q

cholesterol binding drugs

A

bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent uptake from the GI tract

102
Q

cholesterol lowering drugs

A

statins block the formation of cholestrol in liver and treats hypercholesterolemia ( high levels in the blood)

103
Q

diuretics

A

reduce blood volume by promoting kidney to remove water and salt through urine

104
Q

androgens

A

male hormones

105
Q

antiandrogens

A

interfere with production of androgens or with their binding tissues
- useful against prostate cancer

106
Q

estrogens

A

female hormones

107
Q

aromatase inhibitors

A

reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood and are effective against breast cancer

108
Q

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

A

estrogen like effects on bone (increase bone density) and lipid metabolism (decrease cholesterol levels)

109
Q

progestins

A

treats abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance

110
Q

thyroid hormone

A

given when there is a low output of hormone from thyroid gland

111
Q

calcitonin

A

used to treat osteoporosis
- thyroid hormone

112
Q

glucocorticoids

A

reduce inflammation and wide range of other disorders

113
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

stimulates new bone formation

114
Q

growth hormone release inhibiting factor (somatostatin)

A

treats GI symptoms associated with acromegaly

115
Q

antacids

A

neutralize hydrochloric acid in stomach to relieve symptoms of peptic ulcer, esophagitis, and reflux

116
Q

antiulcer

A

block secretion of acid by cells in the lining of the stomach and presrcibed for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and GERD

117
Q

cimetidine (tagamet)

A

turn off histamine and promotes secretion of stomach acid

118
Q

omeprazole (prilosec)

A

stops acid production by proton pump inhibition

119
Q

anitdiarrheal

A

relieve diarrhea and decrease rapid movement (peristalsis) in muscular wall of colon

120
Q

cathartics

A

relieve constipation and promotes defecation

121
Q

laxative

A

mild cathartics

122
Q

purgative

A

stron cathartics

123
Q

antinauseants (antiemetics)

A

relieve nausea and vomiting and overcome vertigo, dizziness, motion sickness, and similar symptoms

124
Q

Anti TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

A

used to treat autoimmune disease
-like Crohn’s

125
Q

bronchodilators

A

open bronchial tubes
- administered by injection or aerosol inhaler

126
Q

steroid drugs

A

inhaled or given intravenously and orally to reduce chronic inflammation in respirator passageway

127
Q

leukotriene modifiers

A

prevent asthma attacks and bronchospasms by blocking leukotriene from binding to receptors in respiratory tissue

128
Q

sedative

A

depress CNS and promotes drowsiness
- barbiturates and benzodiazepines

129
Q

benzodiazepines

A

may act as sedatives or hypnotics

130
Q

amphetamines

A

used to prevent narcolepsy, suppress appetite, and calm hyperkinetic kids

131
Q

caffeine

A

cerebral stimulant

132
Q

tranquilizers

A

controls anxiety

133
Q

minor traquilizers

A

benzodiazepines

134
Q

major tranquilizers

A

phenothiazines

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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