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MRI Med Term > Chapter 12: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

respiration

A

mechanical process of breathing, the exchange between

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2
Q

external respiration

A

exchange of air in the lung capillaries

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3
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of gases in the cells

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4
Q

inhalation

A

oxygen passes from the environment into the lung air sacs and blood capillaries of the lung

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5
Q

exhalation

A

CO2 passes from the capillary blood vessels into the air sacs of the lungs to be exhaled

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6
Q

nose

A
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7
Q

nostrils
nares

A

two openings

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8
Q

nasal cavity

A

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs (cilia) to help filter foreign bodies
- also warms and moistens air

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9
Q

paranasal sinus

A

hallow, air-containing space within the skull that communicates with nasal cavity

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10
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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11
Q

3 sections of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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12
Q

nasophranyx

A

contains pharyngeal tonsils/ adenoids

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13
Q

oropharynx

A

contains palatine tonsils

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14
Q

laryngopharynx

A

divides larynx and esophagus

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15
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue

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16
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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17
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs

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18
Q

bronchial tube
bronchi

A

divides trachea into two branches

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19
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

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20
Q

terminal bronchiole

A

leads to the alveolar duct

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21
Q

alveoli

A

air sac in the lung

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22
Q

capillary

A
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23
Q

erythrocytes

A
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24
Q

pleura

A

double layered membrane that covers each lung

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25
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of the membrane, closer to ribs

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26
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer, closer to lung

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27
Q

apex

A

uppermost part of lung

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28
Q

base

A

lowest part of the lung

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29
Q

hilum

A

midline region where blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter

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30
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition separating thoracic and abdominal cavity

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31
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine

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32
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract

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33
Q

glottis

A

slit-like opening to the larynx

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34
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit lungs

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35
Q

lobe

A

division of the lung

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36
Q

oxygen

A

passed through the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

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37
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the layers of the pleura

38
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds withinn the body

39
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

40
Q

pleural rub
friction rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

41
Q

rale
crackles

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

42
Q

rhonchi

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

43
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

44
Q

stridor

A

strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

45
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

46
Q

croup

A

acute viral infections of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx accompanied by barking cough and stridor

47
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diptheria backterium

48
Q

epistaxis

49
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough
- highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis

50
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchial edema and constriction

51
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi persisting over time
- a type of COPD

52
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that no drain normally

53
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed ling, incomplete expansion of alveoli

54
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

55
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from lung and bronchi

56
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

57
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction

58
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus in the lungs

59
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

60
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs

61
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the CT of the lungs

62
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammation disease in the small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

63
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
- usually lungs but any part of the body infected

64
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

65
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

66
Q

pleurisy
pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

67
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

68
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

69
Q

anthracosis

A

asbestos particles accumulated in the lungs

70
Q

bacilli

A

rod shaped bacteria

71
Q

chronic obstruction pulmonary disease

A

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

72
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs

73
Q

exudates

A

fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

74
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung
- seen in chest x-ray or CT

75
Q

palliatice

A

relieving symptoms

76
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurrence such as spasm ro seizure

77
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area necrosis

78
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

79
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs

80
Q

positron emission tomography scan of the lung

A

radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

81
Q

ventilation perfusion scan

A

detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of radioisotope and inhalation of small amount radioactive gas (xenon)

82
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope exam of the bronchial tubes

83
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

visual exam of the voice box

84
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam

85
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual exam of mediastinum

86
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the lung capacity to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiency

87
Q

thoracentesis

A

needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid

88
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

89
Q

thoracoscopy

A

visual exam of the chest via small incision and use of an endoscope

90
Q

tracheostomy

A

surigcal creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

91
Q

tuberculin test

A

determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on postivie skin reaction

92
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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