Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Flashcards
sexual reproduction
union of the nuclei of ovum and sperm cell
gametes
ovum and sperm cells
- produced in the gonads
female gonads
ovaries
male gonads
testes
each gamete
contains 23 chromosomes
fertilization
ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes
fertilization
sperm cells unite with the ovum
zygote
when the fertilized egg implants then divides to form a ball of cells
menstruation day 1-5
blood cells endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body
menstruation day 6-12
estrogen aids repair of the endometrium
- ovum grows in a follicle
menstruation day 13-14
egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube
menstruation day 15-28
corpus luteum secretes progesterone
- the uterus lining builds up
if fertilization occurs
the eggs implants in the uterine endometrium
placenta forms
attaches to the uterine wall
amnion
holds the fetus in the amniotic cavity
fetus and mother
exchanges nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
the placenta produces
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
progesterone
maintains placenta development
uterus expands
as the fetus grow
normal delivery fetal position
cephalic presentation (head first)
3 phases of labor
- dilation and thinning of the cervix
- birth of the infant
- delivery of the placenta
placenta
an organ that develops during permanency in the uterus
uterus fetal portion
derived from the chorion
uterus maternal position
derived from decidua
- modified mucosal
chorion
outermost fetal membrane that surrounds the embryo and other membranes.
- contributes to the formation of the placenta
amnion
innermost fetal membrane that forms a protective sac around the embryo
amniotic sac
protective sac around the embryo
- provides cushioning and supportive environment for the developing fetus
amniotic fluid
fluid that fills the amniotic sac and protecting the developing fetus throughout pregnancy
amniotic fluid functions
- protection
- temperature regulation
- infection prevention
- lung development
- movement
amniotic fluid initially produced by
amnion and later fetal urine & maternal bloodstream through the placenta
negative feedback
regulatory mechanism in biological systems where a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, maintaining homeostasis.
- it works to stabilize a system by reducing the output or activity when it deviates from a set point
oral contraceptive
prevent pregnancy primarily through hormonal regulation
- aka birth control pills
inhibition of ovulation
(oral contraceptive)
oral contraceptives maintain consistent hormone levels in the blood stream, which suppresses the release of gonadotropins (LH & FSH) from the pituitary glands through negative feedback
thickening of cervical mucus
(oral contraceptive)
progestin thickens the mucus in the cervix
- making it difficult for the sperm to travel through the cervix and reach the egg
endometrial alternation
hormones in birth control pills alter the lining of the uterus
- makes it less suitable for a fertilized egg to implant and grow
adnexae uteri
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligament
amnion
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
areola
dark pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
Bartholin glands
small, mucus secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice
cervix
lower, neck like portion of the uterus
chorion
outermost layer f the two membranes surrounding the embryo
clitoris
sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
coitus
sexual intercourse
copulation
cul-de-sac
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and uterus
corpus luteum *
empty ovarian follicle
- secretes progesterone after release of egg cell (yellow body)
embryo
prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks