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MRI Med Term > Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

sexual reproduction

A

union of the nuclei of ovum and sperm cell

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2
Q

gametes

A

ovum and sperm cells
- produced in the gonads

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3
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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4
Q

male gonads

A

testes

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5
Q

each gamete

A

contains 23 chromosomes

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6
Q

fertilization

A

ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes

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7
Q

fertilization

A

sperm cells unite with the ovum

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8
Q

zygote

A

when the fertilized egg implants then divides to form a ball of cells

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9
Q

menstruation day 1-5

A

blood cells endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body

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10
Q

menstruation day 6-12

A

estrogen aids repair of the endometrium
- ovum grows in a follicle

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11
Q

menstruation day 13-14

A

egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube

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12
Q

menstruation day 15-28

A

corpus luteum secretes progesterone
- the uterus lining builds up

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13
Q

if fertilization occurs

A

the eggs implants in the uterine endometrium

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14
Q

placenta forms

A

attaches to the uterine wall

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15
Q

amnion

A

holds the fetus in the amniotic cavity

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16
Q

fetus and mother

A

exchanges nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

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17
Q

the placenta produces

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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18
Q

progesterone

A

maintains placenta development

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19
Q

uterus expands

A

as the fetus grow

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20
Q

normal delivery fetal position

A

cephalic presentation (head first)

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21
Q

3 phases of labor

A
  • dilation and thinning of the cervix
  • birth of the infant
  • delivery of the placenta
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22
Q

placenta

A

an organ that develops during permanency in the uterus

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23
Q

uterus fetal portion

A

derived from the chorion

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24
Q

uterus maternal position

A

derived from decidua
- modified mucosal

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25
Q

chorion

A

outermost fetal membrane that surrounds the embryo and other membranes.
- contributes to the formation of the placenta

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26
Q

amnion

A

innermost fetal membrane that forms a protective sac around the embryo

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27
Q

amniotic sac

A

protective sac around the embryo
- provides cushioning and supportive environment for the developing fetus

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28
Q

amniotic fluid

A

fluid that fills the amniotic sac and protecting the developing fetus throughout pregnancy

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29
Q

amniotic fluid functions

A
  • protection
  • temperature regulation
  • infection prevention
  • lung development
  • movement
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30
Q

amniotic fluid initially produced by

A

amnion and later fetal urine & maternal bloodstream through the placenta

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31
Q

negative feedback

A

regulatory mechanism in biological systems where a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, maintaining homeostasis.
- it works to stabilize a system by reducing the output or activity when it deviates from a set point

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32
Q

oral contraceptive

A

prevent pregnancy primarily through hormonal regulation
- aka birth control pills

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33
Q

inhibition of ovulation
(oral contraceptive)

A

oral contraceptives maintain consistent hormone levels in the blood stream, which suppresses the release of gonadotropins (LH & FSH) from the pituitary glands through negative feedback

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34
Q

thickening of cervical mucus
(oral contraceptive)

A

progestin thickens the mucus in the cervix
- making it difficult for the sperm to travel through the cervix and reach the egg

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35
Q

endometrial alternation

A

hormones in birth control pills alter the lining of the uterus
- makes it less suitable for a fertilized egg to implant and grow

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36
Q

adnexae uteri

A

fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligament

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37
Q

amnion

A

innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

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38
Q

areola

A

dark pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

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39
Q

Bartholin glands

A

small, mucus secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice

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40
Q

cervix

A

lower, neck like portion of the uterus

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41
Q

chorion

A

outermost layer f the two membranes surrounding the embryo

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42
Q

clitoris

A

sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

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43
Q

coitus

A

sexual intercourse
copulation

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44
Q

cul-de-sac

A

region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and uterus

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44
Q

corpus luteum *

A

empty ovarian follicle
- secretes progesterone after release of egg cell (yellow body)

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45
Q

embryo

A

prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

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46
Q

endometrium

A

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

47
Q

estrogen*

A

hormone produced by the ovaries that promotes female secondary sex characteristics

48
Q

fallopian tube

A

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
- oviduct

49
Q

fertilization

A

union of sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

50
Q

fetus

A

prenatal development from 8to 39/40 weeks

51
Q

fimbriae
fimbria

A

finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

52
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulated maturation of the ovum

53
Q

gamete*

A

male or female sexual reproductive cells
- ex: sperm cell or ovum

54
Q

genitalia

A

reproductive organs
- aka genitals

55
Q

gestation*

A

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
- aka pregnancy

56
Q

gonad

A

female or male reproductive organs that produces sex cells and hormones
- ovary or testis

57
Q

gynecology

A

study of the female reproductive organs, including breasts

58
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) *

A

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

59
Q

hymen

A

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

60
Q

labia

A

lips of vagain

61
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

tubes that carry milk within the breast

62
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH) *

A

secreted by pituitary gland to promote ovulation

63
Q

mammary papilla

A

nipple

64
Q

menarche

A

beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce

65
Q

menopause

A

gradual ending of menstruation

66
Q

menstruation

A

monthly shedding of the uterine lineing

67
Q

myometrium

A

muscle layer of the uterus

68
Q

neonatology

A

branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn

69
Q

obstetrics

A

branch of the medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

70
Q

orifice

A

an opening

71
Q

ovarian follicle

A

developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary

72
Q

ovary

A

one of the pair of female organs on each side of the pelvis
- produces egg cells and hormones

73
Q

ovulation

A

release of the ovum from the ovary

74
Q

ovum

A

mature egg cell

75
Q

parturition

A

act of giving birth

76
Q

perineum

A

area between the anus and vagina (women)

77
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain
- produces hormones to stimulate ovaries
- regulates other endocrine organs

78
Q

placenta

A

vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy
- allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and baby

79
Q

pregnancy

A

condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the female uterus for about 40 weeks

80
Q

progesterone

A

hormone produced by the corpus luteum in ovary and placenta of pregnant women

81
Q

puberty

A

point in life cycle at which sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

82
Q

perimetrium

A

outermost layer surrounding the uterus

83
Q

uterus

A

hallow, pear shaped muscular femal organ in which the embryo and fetus develop

84
Q

vagina

A

muscular, mucosa lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

85
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia
- labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

86
Q

zygote

A

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks

87
Q

cervical cancer (uterus)

A

malignant cells within cervix

88
Q

cervicitis (uterus)

A

inflammation of the cervix

89
Q

endometrial cancer (uterus)

A

malignant tumor of the uterine lining

90
Q

endometriosis (uterus)

A

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

91
Q

ovarian cancer

A

malignant tumor of the ovary

92
Q

ovarian cysts

A

collection of fluid within the sac in the ovary

93
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

94
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of the ovaries

95
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus)

96
Q

leading causes of pelvis inflammatory disease

A

STDs

97
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

98
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the placenta

99
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

misplaced implantation of the egg

100
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta partially or completely covers cervix (the opening of the uterus)

101
Q

preeclampsia

A

serious pregnancy complication characterized by high BP and signs of damage to another organ system
- most often the liver and kidneys

102
Q

down syndrome

A

genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21
- characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and various health issues

103
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

condition where the immune system of the Rh negative mother produces antibodies that attack the RBCs of her RH positive baby
- leading to hemolysis and anemia in the newborn

104
Q

hyaline membrane disease
respiratory distress syndrome

A

a condition in premature infants caused by insufficient surfactant in the lungs
- leads to difficulty breathing and decreased oxygen levels

105
Q

hydrocephalus

A

condition characterized by the accumulation of CSF within the brain ventricles
- causes intracranial pressure, enlarged head size, potential brain damage

106
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A

condition in newborns caused by inhalation of meconium stained amniotic fluid
- leads to respiratory distress, airway obstruction, and lung inflammation

107
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

condition in infants where the pylorus muscles thicken, causing a blockage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
- leads to severs vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss

108
Q

pap test (pap smear)

A

microscopic exam of stained cells removed from vagina and cervix

109
Q
A
110
Q
A
110
Q

hystersalpingography

A

x-ray exam of the fallopian tubes and uterus in which a contrast medium such as dye or air is used

110
Q

pregnancy test

A

blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG

111
Q

conization

A

removal of a cone shaped section of the cervix
- ex: loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

112
Q

laparoscopic oophorectomy

A

minimally invasive surgical procedure in which one or both ovaries are removed using a laparoscope

113
Q

amniocentesis

A

where a small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus
- done between 15th and 20th weeks
- tests for genetic conditions, chromosomal abnormalities, neural tube defects

MRI Med Term (36 decks)

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