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mri med term > Chapter 14 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

lymph

A

clear, watery fluids that surrounds body cells and flows in a system of thin walled lymph vessels that extends throughout the body

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2
Q

lymph info

A

originates from blood
- rich in lymphocytes and monocytes

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3
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid that surrounds body cells

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4
Q

lymph capillaries

A

specialized thin walled vessels that fluid passes

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5
Q

lymph nodes

A

clusters of lymph tissues

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6
Q

lymph color

A

colorless

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7
Q

lymph blood cells

A

white blood cells
- lymphocytes
-monocytes

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8
Q

lymph- what is interstitial fluid

A
  • water
  • less protein and other plasma components
  • lipids from small intestines
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9
Q

blood color

A

red

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10
Q

blood-who pumps

A

the heart pumps blood through blood vessels

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11
Q

all blood cells

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • platelets
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12
Q

Plasma composition

A
  • water
  • proteins
  • salts, nutrients, lipids, waste
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13
Q

immune system

A

the defense of the body against foreign organisms
- like bacteria and viruses

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14
Q

lymph capillaries

A

thin walled tibes

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15
Q

lymph vessels

A

thicker walls with valves so that lymph flows in one direction

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16
Q

lymph nodes

A

collection of stationary solid lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
- filters lymph and traps substances from infectious, inflammatory, and cancerous lesions

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17
Q

major sites of lymph nodes

A
  • cervical
  • axillary- armpit
  • mediastinal- chest
  • mesenteric- intestinal
    -paraaortic- lumber
  • inguinal- groin
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18
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymph issue in the throat near the back of the mouth

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19
Q

adenoids

A

enlarged lymph tissue in the part of the throat near the nasal passage

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20
Q

2 large ducts where all lymph vessels lead and empty into

A
  • right lymphatic duct
  • thoracic duct
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21
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains the lower body and the left side of the head

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22
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

drains the right side of the head and the chest

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23
Q

B lymphocytes

A

produces antibodies
- also remains in the blood so when the virus reappears, you’ll have adaptive immunity

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24
Q

T lymphocyte

A

attacks bacteria and foreign cells by accurately recognizing a cell as foreign and destroying it
- T cells recognize and remember specific antigens and produce stronger attacks each time the antigen is encountered

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25
Q

spleen

A
  • destroys old erythrocytes by macrophages
  • filtration of microorganisms and other foreign material from the blood
  • activation of lymphocytes
  • storage of blood
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26
Q

thymus gland

A

make antibodies and produces immune cells that fight against foreign antigens

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27
Q

tolerance

A

when lymphocytes learn to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens (seen as friendly)`

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28
Q

autoimmune disease

A

when the tolerance process fails and immune cell react against normal cell resulting in various pathologic conditions

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29
Q

antigens

A

ex: toxins, bacterial proteins, or foreign blood cells

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30
Q

immune system includes

A
  • leukocytes
    -neutrophils
    -monocytes
    -macrophages
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31
Q

lymphoid organs

A

produces lymphocytes and antibodies
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- thymus gland
- tonsils
- adenoids

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32
Q

immunity

A

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

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33
Q

natural immunity

A

resistance present at birth

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34
Q

neutrophils

A

travel to the infected area and ingest bacteria

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35
Q

lymphocytes aka

A

Natural killer cells (NK)

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36
Q

adaptive immunity

A

the body’s ability to recognize and remember specific antigens in an immune response

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37
Q

vaccination

A

an injection of a killed virus or protein that doesn’t make you ill
- stimulates your B cells to secrete antibodies

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38
Q

antitoxins

A

ready made antibodies

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39
Q

immunoblobins

A

boost your adaptive immunity before you travel to a foreign country

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40
Q

maternal antibodies

A

infants acquired immunity from their mother
- via placenta, before birth or in breast milk

41
Q

adaptive immunity components

A

humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

42
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens

43
Q

B cell matures into

A

plasma cell

44
Q

Plasma cell

A

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies
- matured B cells

45
Q

Examples of immunoglobulins

A
  • IgM
  • IgA
  • IgG
  • IgE
  • IgD
46
Q

IgG

A

crosses placenta to provide immunity for newborns

47
Q

IgE

A

important in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections

48
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper, suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them
- type of adaptive immunity

49
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

attach to antigen and directly kill them

50
Q

cytokines

A

aid other cells in antigen destruction
-ex: interferons and interleukins

51
Q

Helper T cells (CD4 + Tcells)

A

assist B cells in making antibodies and the stimulate T cell to attack antigens

52
Q

Supressor T cells

A

inhibit both T and B cells and prevent them from attacking the body’s own good cells

53
Q

complement system

A

group of proteins in blood that helps antibodies kill their target

54
Q

dendritic cell

A

initiates adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T and B cells, shows them precisely what they need to counteract

55
Q

immunotherapy

A

the use of antibodies to treat disease such as cencer

56
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

designed to attack specific cancer cells directly or to activate T cells to kill the tumor
- created in a lab by special reproductive techniques

57
Q

vaccines

A

they stimulate patient’s own T cells to recognize and kill the cancerous cells

58
Q

transfer of immune cells

A

T lymphocytes from a donor can replace a patient’s immune system with new cells that recognize tumor cells as foreign and kill them

59
Q

CARS (chimeric antigen receptors)

A

when you remove patient’s own T cells in a lab and introduce new molecules that produce receptors

60
Q

interferons

A

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

61
Q

interleukins

A

proteins (cytokines) the stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

62
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in the spaces between cells
- fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

63
Q

lymph vessel

A

carrier of lymph throughout the body

64
Q

macrophage

A

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

65
Q

thymus gland

A

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

66
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs)

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
- caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

67
Q

HIV destroys

A

helper T cells

68
Q

candidiasis

A

yeast like fungus
- present in the mouth (thrush), skin, intestinal tract and vagina

69
Q

cryptococcal infection (crypto)

A

yeast like fungus causes lung, brain, and blood infections
- found in pigeon droppings and nesting places, air, water and soil

70
Q

cryptopordiosis

A

parasitic infection of GI tract and brain and spinal cord
- found in farm animals

71
Q

cytomegalovirus infection

A

virus causes enteritis and retinitis
- found in saliva, semen, cervical secretions, urine, feces, blood and breast milk

72
Q

herpes simplex

A

viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or genitals

73
Q

histoplasmosis (Histo)

A

fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with Histoplasma capulatum
- causes fever, chills, and lung infection
- found bird and bat droppings

74
Q

mycobacterium aviumintracellulare (MAI) complex infection

A

bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss and lung and blood infections

75
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

one celled organism causes lung infection, with fever, cough, and chest pain
- found in air, water, and soil carried by animals

76
Q

toxoplasmosis (toxo)

A

parasitic infection involving the CNS and causes fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis and seizures
- found in uncooked lamb or pork, unpasteurized dairy products, raw eggs or vegetables

77
Q

allergy

A

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

78
Q

systemic anaphylaxis

A

at

79
Q

atopy

A

hypersensitivity or allergenic state arising from an inherited predisposition

80
Q

Kaposi sacroma

A

cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produce dark purplish skin nodules

81
Q

lymphoma

A

cancer of lymph nodes

82
Q

wasting syndrome

A

marked by weight loss and decrease in muscular strength

83
Q

HIV positive

A

person who were exposed to HIV and now have anti-bodies

84
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

85
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

86
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

87
Q

allergen

A

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction

88
Q

ananphylaxis

A

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

89
Q

CD4+ cells

A

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface

90
Q

Human immunodefiency virus

A

virus that causes AIDs

91
Q

non Hodgkin lymphoma

A

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue

92
Q

protease inhibitor

A

drug that treats AIDs by blocking the production of protease
- enzyme that helps create new pieces of HIV

93
Q

reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)

A

drug that treats AIDs by blocking reverse transcriptase
- enzyme that makes copies of HIV

94
Q

CD4+ cell count

A

measures number of CD4+ T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AID

95
Q

ELISA

A

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the blood stream

96
Q

immunoelectrophoesis

A

test that separates immunogloblins

97
Q

viral load test

A

measurement of the amount of AIDs virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

98
Q
A
99
Q
A

mri med term (36 decks)

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