Chapter 5 Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
oral cavity
A
mouth
2
Q
cheeks
A
the walls of the oval shaped cavity
3
Q
lips
A
surrounds the opening of the cavity
4
Q
hard palate
A
anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
5
Q
soft palate
A
posterior portion of the mouth
6
Q
uvula
A
small, soft tissue projection that hangs from the soft palate
7
Q
rugae
A
irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate
8
Q
tongue
A
moves food around
- extends across the floor of the oral cavity
- muscles attach it to the lower jawbone
9
Q
mastication
A
chewing
10
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
11
Q
papillae
A
small raised areas on the tongue
- contains tastebuds
12
Q
tonsils
A
masses of lymphatic tissue located in the depressions of the mucous membranes
- lie on both sides of oropharynx
13
Q
gums
A
fleshy tissue surround the sockets of teeth
14
Q
teeth
A
15
Q
crown
A
shows above the gum line
16
Q
root
A
lies within the bony tooth socket
17
Q
enamel
A
protects the tooth
18
Q
dentin
A
primary material found in teeth
- covered by enamel in the crown
- covered by cementum in the root
19
Q
cementum
A
covers, protects, and supports dentin in the root
20
Q
periodontal membrane
A
surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket
21
Q
pulp
A
soft and delicate tissue fills the center of the tooth
- under the dentin
22
Q
root canal
pulp canal
A
contains blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels
23
Q
root canal therapy
A
when a disease or abscess occurs in the pulp canal
24
Q
salivary glands
A
exocrine glands that produce saliva
- parotid, sublingual, submandibular
25
saliva
lubricates the mouth
- has digestive enzymes and healing growth factors
26
enzymes
27
submandibular gland
below mandible
28
sublingual gland
below tongue
29
pharynx
throat
muscular tube line with mucus membrane
- 5 inches long
- for air to the trachea
- for food to the esophagus
30
esophagus
9-10 inch fibromuscular tube from pharynx (throat) to stomach
- where food travels to
31
epiglottis
flap tissue that covers the trachea so that food cannot enter and become lodged there
32
peristalsis
involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus
33
bolus
mass of food
34
stomach parts
fundus
body
antrum
sphincters
35
fundus
upper section of the stomach
36
body
middle section of the stomach
37
antrum
lower portion of the stomach
38
sphincter
rings of muscle that control the openings into and out of the stomach
39
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
relaxes and contracts to move food from esophagus into the stomach
40
pyloric sphincter
allows food to leave the stomach into the small intestine
41
pepsin
enzyme to begin digesting proteins
42
hydrochloric acid
digest protein and kills any bacteria remaining in food
43
small intestine
small bowel
from pyloric sphincter to large intestines
- 20 feet long
3 part DJI
44
duodenum
- receives food from stomach
- bile from liver and gallbladder
- pancreatic juices from pancreas
1 foot long
45
bile
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
- breaks up large fat globules
46
gallbladder
store bile
47
pancreas
2 functions
- secrete insulin
- makes enzymes to digest starch, fat, and proteins
48
jejunum
2nd part of the small intestine
- 8 feet long
49
iluem
11 feet long
50
villi
microscopic projections that line the walls of the small intestines
51
large intestine
ilieum to the anus
52
cecum
first part of the large intestine
53
appendix
blind pouch hanging the cecum
54
colon
portion of the large intestine consisting of:
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
55
ascending colon
from cecum to undersuface of the liver (hepatic flexure)
56
transverse colon
passes horizontally towards the spleen
57
descending colon
near the splenic flexure and downward
58
sigmoid colon
s-shaped
59
rectum
rectum terminates into in the lower opening the gastrointestinal tract =
60
anus
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to outside the body
61
feces
stools (solid)
62
defecation
elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
63
liver
makes bile
stores sugar, iron, and vitamins
produces blood proteins
filters out toxins
destroys worn out RBC
64
bile
contains cholest
- orange-black, sometimes green fluid
- made by liver
stored in gallbladder
65
bilirubin
pigment released by liver in bile
66
jaundice
yellow discoloration of skin, whites of eyes, and mucous membranes
67
hepatic duct
liver
68
gallbladder
pear shaped sac under the liver that stores bile
69
common bile duct
choledochus
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
70
pancreas
secretes pancreatic juices into the pancreatic ducts
71
pancreatic duct
joins the common bile duct as it eneters duodenum
72
duodenum
first part of small intestine
- duo- 2, den-10
73
emulsification
where bile breaks apart large fate globules, creating more surface area so that enzymes from the pancreas can digest fats
74
glucose
sugar
75
glycogen
starch
- stored in the liver
76
glycogenolysis
liver converts glycogen back to glucose
77
gluconeagensis
liver converts proteins and fats into glucose
78
portal vein
brings blood to the liver from the intestines
79
amylase
secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
80
lipase
digests fat
81
protease
digest proteins
82
insulin
- needed to help release sugar from blood
- acts as carrier to bring glucose into cells to be used as energy
83
absoprtion
digested food passed into the blood stream through lining cells of the small intestines (villi)
- nutrients travel to all cells in the body
- cells burn nutrients to release energy store in food
84
amino acids
small building blocks of proteins
- released when protein are digested
85
bowel
intestines
86
canine teeth
cuspids
pointed, dog-like teeth
87
enamel
hard, outermost layer of the tooth
88
enzyme
chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
89
fatty acids
substances produced when fats are digested
90
hydrochloric acid
substance produced in the stomach
- aids in digestion
91
incisor
any one of the four front teeth in the dental arch
92
molar tooth
3 large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth on each side
93
triglycerides
fat molecules composed of three fatty acids
94
ingestion
food taken into the mouth
95
digestion
food is broken down , mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the GI tract
96
elimination
eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream
- Lrg intestines concentrates feces
-waste passes through anus
97
chyme
semi-liquid mass of partially digested food that passed from the stomach to small intestine
98
functions of liver
- produces bile
- maintains normal glucose levels
- makes blood proteins necessary for clotting
- releases bilirubin
- removes toxins and poisons from blood
99
intrinsic factor
normally found in gastric juice that helps the absorption of vitamin B12 into bloodstream
100
mesentery
part of the double fold of the peritoneum that stretches' around the organs on the abdomen
101
portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
102
aphthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
103
dental caries
tooth decay
104
herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth by the infection of the herpes virus
105
oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches
106
periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
