Chapter 5 Digestive System Flashcards
oral cavity
mouth
cheeks
the walls of the oval shaped cavity
lips
surrounds the opening of the cavity
hard palate
anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
soft palate
posterior portion of the mouth
uvula
small, soft tissue projection that hangs from the soft palate
rugae
irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate
tongue
moves food around
- extends across the floor of the oral cavity
- muscles attach it to the lower jawbone
mastication
chewing
deglutition
swallowing
papillae
small raised areas on the tongue
- contains tastebuds
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue located in the depressions of the mucous membranes
- lie on both sides of oropharynx
gums
fleshy tissue surround the sockets of teeth
teeth
crown
shows above the gum line
root
lies within the bony tooth socket
enamel
protects the tooth
dentin
primary material found in teeth
- covered by enamel in the crown
- covered by cementum in the root
cementum
covers, protects, and supports dentin in the root
periodontal membrane
surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket
pulp
soft and delicate tissue fills the center of the tooth
- under the dentin
root canal
pulp canal
contains blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels
root canal therapy
when a disease or abscess occurs in the pulp canal
salivary glands
exocrine glands that produce saliva
- parotid, sublingual, submandibular
saliva
lubricates the mouth
- has digestive enzymes and healing growth factors
enzymes
submandibular gland
below mandible
sublingual gland
below tongue
pharynx
throat
muscular tube line with mucus membrane
- 5 inches long
- for air to the trachea
- for food to the esophagus
esophagus
9-10 inch fibromuscular tube from pharynx (throat) to stomach
- where food travels to
epiglottis
flap tissue that covers the trachea so that food cannot enter and become lodged there
peristalsis
involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus
bolus
mass of food
stomach parts
fundus
body
antrum
sphincters
fundus
upper section of the stomach
body
middle section of the stomach
antrum
lower portion of the stomach
sphincter
rings of muscle that control the openings into and out of the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
relaxes and contracts to move food from esophagus into the stomach
pyloric sphincter
allows food to leave the stomach into the small intestine
pepsin
enzyme to begin digesting proteins
hydrochloric acid
digest protein and kills any bacteria remaining in food