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MRI Med Term > Chapter 5 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth

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2
Q

cheeks

A

the walls of the oval shaped cavity

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3
Q

lips

A

surrounds the opening of the cavity

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4
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

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5
Q

soft palate

A

posterior portion of the mouth

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6
Q

uvula

A

small, soft tissue projection that hangs from the soft palate

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7
Q

rugae

A

irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate

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8
Q

tongue

A

moves food around
- extends across the floor of the oral cavity
- muscles attach it to the lower jawbone

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9
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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10
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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11
Q

papillae

A

small raised areas on the tongue
- contains tastebuds

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12
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue located in the depressions of the mucous membranes
- lie on both sides of oropharynx

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13
Q

gums

A

fleshy tissue surround the sockets of teeth

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14
Q

teeth

A
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15
Q

crown

A

shows above the gum line

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16
Q

root

A

lies within the bony tooth socket

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17
Q

enamel

A

protects the tooth

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18
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth
- covered by enamel in the crown
- covered by cementum in the root

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19
Q

cementum

A

covers, protects, and supports dentin in the root

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20
Q

periodontal membrane

A

surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket

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21
Q

pulp

A

soft and delicate tissue fills the center of the tooth
- under the dentin

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22
Q

root canal
pulp canal

A

contains blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

root canal therapy

A

when a disease or abscess occurs in the pulp canal

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24
Q

salivary glands

A

exocrine glands that produce saliva
- parotid, sublingual, submandibular

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25
Q

saliva

A

lubricates the mouth
- has digestive enzymes and healing growth factors

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26
Q

enzymes

A
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27
Q

submandibular gland

A

below mandible

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28
Q

sublingual gland

A

below tongue

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29
Q

pharynx
throat

A

muscular tube line with mucus membrane
- 5 inches long
- for air to the trachea
- for food to the esophagus

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30
Q

esophagus

A

9-10 inch fibromuscular tube from pharynx (throat) to stomach
- where food travels to

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31
Q

epiglottis

A

flap tissue that covers the trachea so that food cannot enter and become lodged there

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32
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus

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33
Q

bolus

A

mass of food

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34
Q

stomach parts

A

fundus
body
antrum
sphincters

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35
Q

fundus

A

upper section of the stomach

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36
Q

body

A

middle section of the stomach

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37
Q

antrum

A

lower portion of the stomach

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38
Q

sphincter

A

rings of muscle that control the openings into and out of the stomach

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39
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

relaxes and contracts to move food from esophagus into the stomach

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40
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

allows food to leave the stomach into the small intestine

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41
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme to begin digesting proteins

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42
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

digest protein and kills any bacteria remaining in food

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43
Q

small intestine
small bowel

A

from pyloric sphincter to large intestines
- 20 feet long
3 part DJI

44
Q

duodenum

A
  • receives food from stomach
  • bile from liver and gallbladder
  • pancreatic juices from pancreas
    1 foot long
45
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
- breaks up large fat globules

46
Q

gallbladder

A

store bile

47
Q

pancreas

A

2 functions
- secrete insulin
- makes enzymes to digest starch, fat, and proteins

48
Q

jejunum

A

2nd part of the small intestine
- 8 feet long

49
Q

iluem

A

11 feet long

50
Q

villi

A

microscopic projections that line the walls of the small intestines

51
Q

large intestine

A

ilieum to the anus

52
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

53
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging the cecum

54
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisting of:
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid

55
Q

ascending colon

A

from cecum to undersuface of the liver (hepatic flexure)

56
Q

transverse colon

A

passes horizontally towards the spleen

57
Q

descending colon

A

near the splenic flexure and downward

58
Q

sigmoid colon

A

s-shaped

59
Q

rectum

A

rectum terminates into in the lower opening the gastrointestinal tract =

60
Q

anus

A

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to outside the body

61
Q

feces

A

stools (solid)

62
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

63
Q

liver

A

makes bile
stores sugar, iron, and vitamins
produces blood proteins
filters out toxins
destroys worn out RBC

64
Q

bile

A

contains cholest
- orange-black, sometimes green fluid
- made by liver
stored in gallbladder

65
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by liver in bile

66
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of skin, whites of eyes, and mucous membranes

67
Q

hepatic duct

A

liver

68
Q

gallbladder

A

pear shaped sac under the liver that stores bile

69
Q

common bile duct
choledochus

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

70
Q

pancreas

A

secretes pancreatic juices into the pancreatic ducts

71
Q

pancreatic duct

A

joins the common bile duct as it eneters duodenum

72
Q

duodenum

A

first part of small intestine
- duo- 2, den-10

73
Q

emulsification

A

where bile breaks apart large fate globules, creating more surface area so that enzymes from the pancreas can digest fats

74
Q

glucose

A

sugar

75
Q

glycogen

A

starch
- stored in the liver

76
Q

glycogenolysis

A

liver converts glycogen back to glucose

77
Q

gluconeagensis

A

liver converts proteins and fats into glucose

78
Q

portal vein

A

brings blood to the liver from the intestines

79
Q

amylase

A

secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

80
Q

lipase

A

digests fat

81
Q

protease

A

digest proteins

82
Q

insulin

A
  • needed to help release sugar from blood
  • acts as carrier to bring glucose into cells to be used as energy
83
Q

absoprtion

A

digested food passed into the blood stream through lining cells of the small intestines (villi)
- nutrients travel to all cells in the body
- cells burn nutrients to release energy store in food

84
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins
- released when protein are digested

85
Q

bowel

A

intestines

86
Q

canine teeth
cuspids

A

pointed, dog-like teeth

87
Q

enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of the tooth

88
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

89
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested

90
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

substance produced in the stomach
- aids in digestion

91
Q

incisor

A

any one of the four front teeth in the dental arch

92
Q

molar tooth

A

3 large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth on each side

93
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of three fatty acids

94
Q

ingestion

A

food taken into the mouth

95
Q

digestion

A

food is broken down , mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the GI tract

96
Q

elimination

A

eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream
- Lrg intestines concentrates feces
-waste passes through anus

97
Q

chyme

A

semi-liquid mass of partially digested food that passed from the stomach to small intestine

98
Q

functions of liver

A
  • produces bile
  • maintains normal glucose levels
  • makes blood proteins necessary for clotting
  • releases bilirubin
  • removes toxins and poisons from blood
99
Q

intrinsic factor

A

normally found in gastric juice that helps the absorption of vitamin B12 into bloodstream

100
Q

mesentery

A

part of the double fold of the peritoneum that stretches’ around the organs on the abdomen

101
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

102
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

103
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

104
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth by the infection of the herpes virus

105
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

white plaques or patches

106
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

MRI Med Term (36 decks)

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