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MRI Med Term > Chapter 13 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood composition

A

cells (45% of blood volume)
plasma (55% of blood volume)

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2
Q

Cells

A

erythrocytes (RBC)
leukocytes (WBC)
platelets or thrombocytes (clotting cells)

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3
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood
- a solution of water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins

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4
Q

drop of blood

A

4-6 million RBCs
7-10 thousand WBC
150-450 thousand platelets

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5
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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6
Q

differentiated

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

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7
Q

hemoglobin

A

enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen
- blood protein containing iron

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8
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBC originate in the bone marrow

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9
Q

erythropoietin

A

simulates the production of erythrocytes
- hormone secreted by kidneys

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10
Q

macrophages

A

migrates from blood to tissue spaces
and destroys the worn out erythrocytes
- located in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow

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11
Q

heme releases

A

iron and decomposes into yellow-orange pigment called bilirubin

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12
Q

granulocytes
polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

WBC with cytoplasmic granules
- eosinophil
- basophil
- neutrophil

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13
Q

eosinophil

A

granules that stain with red acidic dye (eosin)

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14
Q

Basophils

A

granules that stain a dark blue with a basic (alkaline) dye.

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15
Q

Neutrophils
phagocytes

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow
- accumulate at infection sites where they ingest and destroy bacteria

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16
Q

colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

A

protein factor that stimulates growth and differentiation of developing blood cells

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17
Q

Granulocyte-CSF
GranulocyteMacrophage-CSF

A

given to cancer patients to restore granulocyte production

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18
Q

erythropoietin

A

can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques

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19
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

mulitlobed nuclei

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20
Q

polymorphonuclear granulocytes

A

aka neutrophils

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21
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus

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22
Q

lymphocytes

A

made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and in the bloodstream and in the lymphatic system

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23
Q

lymphocytes

A

protects body against infection

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24
Q

antibodies

A

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocyte in response to bacteria, viruses, or antigens.
- antibody is specific to antigen and inactivates it

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25
monocytes
leukocyte with one large nucleus = phagocytic cells that fights disease
26
macrophages
move from the bloodstream into tissues and dispose of dead and dying cells
27
megakaryocytes
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
28
4 major plasma proteins
- albumin - globulins - fibrinogen -prothrombin
29
albumin
maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood
30
edema
results when too much fluid in the blood leaks into the tissue
31
globulins
plasma proteins - alpha - beta - gamma
32
immunoglobulins aka gamma globulins
protein with antibody cativity
33
IgG
found in high concentration in plasma
34
IgA
found in breast milk, saliva, tears, and respiratory plasma
35
plasmapheresis
the process of separating plasma from cells
36
packed red cells
whole blood with most of the plasma removed
37
hemolysis
breakdown of red blood cells
38
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
excessive clotting in blood vessels
39
Rh factor
antigen on RBC of Rh- positive individuals
40
coagulation
blood clotting
41
electrophoresis
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size
42
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
43
fibrin
protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
44
serum
clear fluid - plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
45
anticoagulant substance
blood inhibit blood clotting so clots don't form
46
heparin
anticoagulant produced by tissue cells
47
warfarin (Coumadin)
given to patients with thromboembolic disease to prevent the formation of clots
48
Direct oral anticoagulants
work by inhibiting blood clot factors such as thrombin
49
erythroblast
immature RBC
50
immune reaction
response to the immune system to foreign invasion
51
leukocyte
white blood cell
52
platelet
small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
53
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus - neutrophil
54
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte
55
stem cells
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature
56
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
57
thrombocyte
platelet
58
dyscrasia
disease
59
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
60
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
61
pancytopenia
when stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes
62
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
63
sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
64
thalassemia
inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia
65
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into blood stream
66
intrinsic factor
67
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body
68
polycythemia vera
general increases in red blood cells
69
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or iX necessay for blood clotting
70
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
71
petechiae
small, pinpoint purple or red spots on the skin
72
ecchymoses
large blue/purplish bruises
73
leukimia
increase in malignant WBC
74
acute myeloid leukemia (myelocytic) (AML)
immature granulocytes predominate
75
Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)
immature lymphocytes predominate
76
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow of blood
77
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow
78
remission
disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease
79
relapses
disease symptoms and signs reappear
80
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
81
mononucleosis
infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
82
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
83
antiglobulin (Coombs) test
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
84
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells hemoglobin concentration, hemocrit, and red cell values
85
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
86
hemacrit (Hct)
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
87
hemoglobin test (H,Hg,Hgb,HGB)
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
88
platelet count
prothrombin time test of the ability of blood to clot
89
red blood cell count
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
90
red blood cell morpholgy
microscopic exam of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
91
white blood cell count
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
92
white blood cell differential
percentages of difference types of leukocytes in the blood
93
apheresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
94
blood transfusion
whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
95
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cell from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient
96

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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