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MRI Med Term > Chapter 13 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood composition

A

cells (45% of blood volume)
plasma (55% of blood volume)

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2
Q

Cells

A

erythrocytes (RBC)
leukocytes (WBC)
platelets or thrombocytes (clotting cells)

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3
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood
- a solution of water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids, and vitamins

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4
Q

drop of blood

A

4-6 million RBCs
7-10 thousand WBC
150-450 thousand platelets

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5
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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6
Q

differentiated

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

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7
Q

hemoglobin

A

enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen
- blood protein containing iron

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8
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBC originate in the bone marrow

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9
Q

erythropoietin

A

simulates the production of erythrocytes
- hormone secreted by kidneys

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10
Q

macrophages

A

migrates from blood to tissue spaces
and destroys the worn out erythrocytes
- located in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow

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11
Q

heme releases

A

iron and decomposes into yellow-orange pigment called bilirubin

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12
Q

granulocytes
polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

WBC with cytoplasmic granules
- eosinophil
- basophil
- neutrophil

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13
Q

eosinophil

A

granules that stain with red acidic dye (eosin)

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14
Q

Basophils

A

granules that stain a dark blue with a basic (alkaline) dye.

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15
Q

Neutrophils
phagocytes

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow
- accumulate at infection sites where they ingest and destroy bacteria

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16
Q

colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

A

protein factor that stimulates growth and differentiation of developing blood cells

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17
Q

Granulocyte-CSF
GranulocyteMacrophage-CSF

A

given to cancer patients to restore granulocyte production

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18
Q

erythropoietin

A

can be produced by recombinant DNA techniques

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19
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

mulitlobed nuclei

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20
Q

polymorphonuclear granulocytes

A

aka neutrophils

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21
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus

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22
Q

lymphocytes

A

made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and in the bloodstream and in the lymphatic system

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23
Q

lymphocytes

A

protects body against infection

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24
Q

antibodies

A

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocyte in response to bacteria, viruses, or antigens.
- antibody is specific to antigen and inactivates it

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25
Q

monocytes

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus
= phagocytic cells that fights disease

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26
Q

macrophages

A

move from the bloodstream into tissues and dispose of dead and dying cells

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27
Q

megakaryocytes

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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28
Q

4 major plasma proteins

A
  • albumin
  • globulins
  • fibrinogen
    -prothrombin
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29
Q

albumin

A

maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in the blood

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30
Q

edema

A

results when too much fluid in the blood leaks into the tissue

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31
Q

globulins

A

plasma proteins
- alpha
- beta
- gamma

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32
Q

immunoglobulins
aka gamma globulins

A

protein with antibody cativity

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33
Q

IgG

A

found in high concentration in plasma

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34
Q

IgA

A

found in breast milk, saliva, tears, and respiratory plasma

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35
Q

plasmapheresis

A

the process of separating plasma from cells

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36
Q

packed red cells

A

whole blood with most of the plasma removed

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37
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells

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38
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

excessive clotting in blood vessels

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39
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on RBC of Rh- positive individuals

40
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

41
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

42
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

43
Q

fibrin

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

44
Q

serum

A

clear fluid
- plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

45
Q

anticoagulant substance

A

blood inhibit blood clotting so clots don’t form

46
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant produced by tissue cells

47
Q

warfarin
(Coumadin)

A

given to patients with thromboembolic disease to prevent the formation of clots

48
Q

Direct oral anticoagulants

A

work by inhibiting blood clot factors such as thrombin

49
Q

erythroblast

A

immature RBC

50
Q

immune reaction

A

response to the immune system to foreign invasion

51
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

52
Q

platelet

A

small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

53
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus
- neutrophil

54
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte

55
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature

56
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

57
Q

thrombocyte

58
Q

dyscrasia

59
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

60
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

61
Q

pancytopenia

A

when stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

62
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

63
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

64
Q

thalassemia

A

inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

65
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into blood stream

66
Q

intrinsic factor

67
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body

68
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increases in red blood cells

69
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or iX necessay for blood clotting

70
Q

purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

71
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint purple or red spots on the skin

72
Q

ecchymoses

A

large blue/purplish bruises

73
Q

leukimia

A

increase in malignant WBC

74
Q

acute myeloid leukemia (myelocytic) (AML)

A

immature granulocytes predominate

75
Q

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)

A

immature lymphocytes predominate

76
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

A

both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow of blood

77
Q

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)

A

abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow

78
Q

remission

A

disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease

79
Q

relapses

A

disease symptoms and signs reappear

80
Q

granulocytosis

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

81
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

82
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

83
Q

antiglobulin (Coombs) test

A

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

84
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

determination of numbers of blood cells hemoglobin concentration, hemocrit, and red cell values

85
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

86
Q

hemacrit (Hct)

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

87
Q

hemoglobin test (H,Hg,Hgb,HGB)

A

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

88
Q

platelet count

A

prothrombin time test of the ability of blood to clot

89
Q

red blood cell count

A

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

90
Q

red blood cell morpholgy

A

microscopic exam of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

91
Q

white blood cell count

A

number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

92
Q

white blood cell differential

A

percentages of difference types of leukocytes in the blood

93
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

94
Q

blood transfusion

A

whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

95
Q

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

peripheral stem cell from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient

MRI Med Term (47 decks)

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