Chapter 15 Flashcards
bones are made of
made of osseous tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
osseous tissue
specialized connective tissue
osteocytes
bone cells
osseous tissue is made of
osteocytes
collagen,
calcium salts
collagen
dense connective tissue strands
bones of a fetus
made of cartilage
- add calcium salt over time to replace them with bone
ossification
bone formation
osteoblast
immature osteocytes to produce bone
- builds up bone
osteoclast
reabsorb or digest bony tissue
- breaks down bone
osteocytes aka
bone phagocytes
number of bone
206
long bones
strong
broad at both ends
large area for surface attachments
short bones
small
irregular shape
flat bones
for small body parts
sesamoid bones
small, rounded bones
diaphysis
middle region
- aka shaft
shaft of the bone
middle region
epiphysis
the end of the long bone
epiphyseal line/plate
area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows
- aka growth plate
cartilage cells
help form new bones
- lengthen bones during childhood and adolescence
full growth
plates calcifies and disappears
metaphysis
flared portion of the bone
- between the epiphysis and diaphysis
-adjacent to epiphyseal plate
periosteum
strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers long bones except the end
- also has extensive nerve supply
articular cartilage
coverage for when ends of long bones and surface of any bone meets another bone to form a joint
articular cartilage described
smooth, strong, and slick tissue
articular cartilage job
it caps the end of the bone
- cushion joint and allows it move smoothly and efficiently
compact. cortical bone
a layer of dense bone under the periosteum in all bones
- located around the diaphysis of long bones
haversian canals
small canals that bring oxygen and nutrients to bone and remove waste products (CO2)
medullary cavity
compact bone is tunneled out in the central shift
yellow bone marrow
composed by fat cells
cancellous bone
spongy bone
trabecular bone
porous, less dense bone
trabeculae
series of separated bony fibers that make up a spongy latticework
- found on epiphyses and metaphyses
red bone marrow
immature and mature blood cells in stages of development
hematopoiesis
production of all types of blood cells in bone marrow
bone processes
enlarged areas that extend out of the bones that serve as attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
bone head
rounded end of a bonec
condyle
round, knuckle like process at the end of the bone
epicondyle
small rounded process above the condyle
trochanter
large and small processes for tendon attachment on the femur
tuberosity
round elevation where where tendons and muscles attach to humerus, calcaneus and pelvis
fissure
narrow groove or slit like
foramen
opening for blood vessels and nerves
fossa
shallow cavity in or on the bone
sinus
hollow cavity within the bone
sutures
where cranial bones join each other at the joints
fontanelles
gaps of unossified tissue at birth
- aka soft spots
frontal bone
forehead and bony sockets for eyes
parietal bone
2 bones that make the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium
temporal bone
2 bones that form the lower sides and base of cranium
- encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining the mandible
mastoid process
round process of temporal bone behind the ear
styloid process
projects downward from temporal bone
occipital bone
forms the back and base of the skull
- joins the parietal and temporal bones forming a suture
foramen magnum
inferior opening where the spinal cord passes
sphenoid bone
bat shaped bone that extents behind the eyes and forms part of the base of skull
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid where the pituitary gland is located
ethmoid bones
thin, delicate bone that supports nasal cavity and forms sockets of the eyes
nasal bones
2 slender bones that support bridge of the nose
- join to form nasal septum
lacrimal bones
2 small, thin bones at the corner of each eye
- contain a fossae for lacrimal gland and canals for passage for the lacrimal duct
maxillary bones
2 large bones that compose the upper jawbone
cleft palate
when 2 maxillary bones don’t come together normally before birth
mandbular bone
lower jawbone
alveoli
sockets
- on the maxilla and mandible
zygomatic bones
2 bones that form the upper cheek
vomer
thin, single flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum
sinuses
air cavities that warm and moisten air as it passes through
- in cranial and facial bones
acetabulum
hip socket
calcaneus
heel bone
carpals
wrist bone =
clavicle
collar bone
coccyx
tailbone
cranium
skull
femur
thigh bone
fibula
smaller of the two lower leg bones
humerus
upper arm bone
ilium
upper pelvic bone
ischium
lower part of pelvic bone
malleous
ankle
mandible
lower jaw bone
maxilla
upper jawbone
metacarpals
hand bones
metatarsals
bones between tarsals and toes
olecrannon
elbow
patella
kneecap
phalanges
fingers and toes
pubis
anterior part of pelvic bone
radius
forearm bone (thumb side)
scapula
shoulder blade
sternum
breastbone
tarsals
hindfoot and midfoot bones
tibia
shin bone
- larger of the two lower leg bones
ulna
forearm bone (pinky side)
vertebra
backbone/ spine
acromion
outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
bone depression
opening or hallow region serving as a connection for bones or as passageway for blood vessels and nerves
bone process
enlarged area that extends from bones
- covered in articular cartilage
-serves as attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
calcium
one of the mineral constituents of the bone
disc
flat, round, plate like structure (fibrocartilaginous) between two vertebrae
physiatrist
medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation
ribs
12 pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall
true ribs
ribs 1-7
false ribs
ribs 8-10
floating ribs
ribs 11 & 12
