Chapter 6 Pathology

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack of appetite

Question 2

anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

loss of appetite due to emotional problems

Question 3

ascities

Answer 3

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 4

borborygmi

Answer 4

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or in both in the gastrointestinal tract

“bowel sounds”

Question 5

sign

Answer 5

objective finding
- perceived by examiner

Question 6

symptom

Answer 6

subjective sensation of change in health
- experienced by the patient

Question 7

constipation

Answer 7

difficulty passing stool (feces)

Question 8

laxatives
cathartics

Answer 8

promote movement of stools

Question 9

diarrhea

Answer 9

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 10

dysphagia

Answer 10

difficulty swallowing

Question 11

eructation

Answer 11

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth (burping)

Question 12

flatus

Answer 12

gas expelled through anus

Question 13

hematochezia

Answer 13

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 14

jaundice

Answer 14

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and white of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 15

melena

Answer 15

black, tarry stool
feces containing digested blood

Question 16

nausea

Answer 16

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with the tendency to vomit

Question 17

steatorrhea

Answer 17

fat in the feces

Question 18

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 19

dental caries

Answer 19

tooth decay

Question 20

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus
aka fever blisters or cold sores

Question 21

oral leukoplakia

Answer 21

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 22

peridontal disease

Answer 22

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 23

achalasia

Answer 23

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

Question 24

esophageal cancer

Answer 24

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 25

esophageal varices

Answer 25

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 26

gastric cancer

Answer 26

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 27

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 27

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

Question 28

hernia

Answer 28

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 29

hiatal hernia

Answer 29

upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm

Question 30

inguinal

Answer 30

small loop of the bowels protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue surrounding the muscles

Question 31

peptic ulcer

Answer 31

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 32

anal fistula

Answer 32

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 33

colonic polyps

Answer 33

polyps (benign) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 34

colorectal cancer

Answer 34

adenocarcinoma of the colon and/or rectum

Question 35

crohn's disease

Answer 35

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 36

diverticulosis

Answer 36

abnoral outpouching in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 37

dysentery

Answer 37

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 38

hemorrhoids

Answer 38

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 39

ileus

Answer 39

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 40

imflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 40

inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

Question 41

intussusception

Answer 41

telescoping of the intestines

Question 42

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 42

group of GI symptoms (ab pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines

Question 43

ulcerative colitis

Answer 43

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 44

volvulus

Answer 44

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 45

cholelithiasis

Answer 45

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 46

cirrhosis

Answer 46

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 47

hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 47

liver cancer

Question 48

pancreatic cancer

Answer 48

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 49

pancreatitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 50

viral hepatitis

Answer 50

inflammation of the liver caused by he virus

Question 51

Hepatitis A

Answer 51

caused by contaminated food and water

Question 52

Hepititus B

Answer 52

caused by sexual contact, blood transfusions, and contaminated needles

Question 53

hepatitis C

Answer 53

caused by blood transfusions and contaminated needles

Question 54

achalasia

Answer 54

failure of the LES muscle to relax

Question 55

esophageal cancer

Answer 55

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 56

gastric carcinoma

Answer 56

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 57

esophageal varices

Answer 57

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 58

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 58

solids and liquids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 59

peptic ulcer

Answer 59

open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

Question 60

hernia

Answer 60

protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Question 61

anal fistula

Answer 61

abnormal tubelike passage way near anus

Question 62

colonic polyposis

Answer 62

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 63

colorectal cancer

Answer 63

adenocarcinoma of the colon and/or rectum

Question 64

crohns disease

Answer 64

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract