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Lifespan EXAM 1 > Chapter 9 Lecture 4 PART I > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Lecture 4 PART I Flashcards

Middle Childhood

1
Q

School age children consists of what years?

A

6-12 years

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2
Q

School-age children tend to focus more on what rather than fantasy

A

fact –> think logically

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3
Q

What do major developmental tasks include?

A

forming positive self-esteem from internal sources

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4
Q

School-age children have the ability to develop what kind of relationships?

A

close peer relationships

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5
Q

Close peer relationships affects what?

A

The development of new ideas, skills, and tools to enhance the child’s advancement towards maturity

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6
Q

What do other developmental tasks include? (3)

A
  1. Chaning from concrete thinking to abstract thinking
    -Preoperational (2-7) –> Concrete operational (7-11) –> Formal operational (12-adult)
  2. Develop secondary sex characteristics
    -axillary hair, pubic hair, body odor
  3. Accept more responsibility
    -industry vs. inferiority
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7
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-Does myelination of the brain slow down or speed up?
-Does it continue?

A

-slows
-Yes, through adolescence

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8
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-What happens to the bones?

A

Bones continue to ossify and grow

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9
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-Physical growth is slow or fast? Until when?

A

Physical growth is slow until a growth spurt occurs just before puberty

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10
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-Loss of primary teeth begins when

A

Around age 6

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11
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-Is the GI tract more mature?
-It’s more mature than whose?
-What increases?

A

-Yes, the GI tract is more mature in the school-age child than in the preschooler
-Stomach capacity and rate of stomach emptying

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12
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-What else matures and sharpens

A

-sensory organs mature & sharpen their senses of taste, smell, and touch

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13
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES:
-What kind of skills develop?
-What else?

A

-fine and gross motor skills
-muscle strength
-enabling participationg in team sports, music performance, dance

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14
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES: Gross Motor Skills
-Newly developed skills enable the child to…
-What do they master?

A

-play independently
-coordination and control

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15
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES: Gross Motor Skills
-Schools with the least time for scheduled physical activity are those with the most….?

A

low SES children and lowest reading scores

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16
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES: Fine Motor Skills
-What does writing require?
-Reading requires?
-Sitting at a desk requires?
-This can be challenging for who?
-What is a disorder that some children have?

A

-Finger control
-Eye control
-Impulse control
-some 6 year olds
-ADHD

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17
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES: Artistic expression
-What does this require?

A

-Skill at execution and inhibition

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18
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES: Making music
-What allows for playing musical instruments?
-What can children be enrolled in?

A

-Coordination and control
-formal lessons or music classes in school

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19
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-At what ages do children engage in rough-and-tumble play
-Is competition a welcome challenge?

A

-5-7
-Often times, yes

20
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-Organized sports help develop what?

A

-teamwork and physical fitness

21
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-When playing sports, what is NOT helpful and should be avoided?

A

-High stress and excessive pressure to win

22
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-School age children need what?
-how much of activity do they need per day?

A

-physical activity
-60 minutes per day

23
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-Why do they need physical activity? (3)

A
  1. It builds strength, endurance, and coordination
  2. It protects the heart
  3. It promotes a healthy body composition and bone mass
24
Q

EXERCISE AND PLAY:
-What is exercise-induced asthma?
-Should they still participate in sports?

A

-asthma that is exercise induced; asthma is a common childhood health problem
-Yes, just use treatment beforehand

25
EXERCISE AND PLAY: -What kinds of activities are often enjoyed by the school-age child?
collecting things and playing board games
26
What are the 5 benefits of physical activity?
1. Better overall health 2. Less obesity 3. Appreciation of cooperation and fair play 4. Improved problem-solving abilities 5. Respect for teammates and opponents of other ethnicities and nationalities
27
What are the 4 hazards of physical activity?
1. Loss of self-esteem as a result of criticism from teammates or classmates 2. Injuries (#1 leading cause of childhood mortality) 3. Reinforcement of prejudices (especially against the opposite sex) 4. Increased stress (such as from playing sports)
28
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -The electronic use of media for _____, ______, and ______ has become popular -What does it have for children and parents?
-entertainment, communication, and education -advantages and disadvantages
29
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -What does gamification do?
It applies gaming elements to real-world activity, which can encourage participation
30
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -What does access to social media provide children with?
-new information and social contacts
31
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -What does access to social media potentially expose children to?
-innapropriate content and unsafe interactions
32
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -Screen time SHOULD NOT exceed how many hours per day?
2
33
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -Screen time SHOULD NOT replace what? -What should parents make sure of?
-physical activity and personal interactions -that children are still going outside
34
ELECTRONIC MEDIA: -What may suffer if social media and internet usage result in sedentary habits
-physical fitness
35
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: -According to Piaget, school-age children do three things, what are they? -What is the most effective educational method for school-age children?
1. They are concrete thinkers 2. They think logically (very basic) 3. They understand rules -Hands-on learning
36
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: -According to Erikson, school age is the age of _____ -What is important during this age? What do they have?
-industry -social circles; they have sleepovers, attend parties, and go to friend's houses
37
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: -According to Erikson, ______ decreases -What do they realize once it decreases? -What is this understanding called? -What does this enable the children to do?
-Egocentrism -how their actions may affect others -social cognition -interact better with peers and can embrace their self-concept
38
What are the three phases of moral behavior?
1. Knowledge (logic) -knowing what is right 2. Emotion -Feeling good or bad about what is right 3. Action (behavior) -Behaving according to the rule of what is right
39
COGNITIVE STYLES: -What does cognitive styles refer to?
a pattern of thought and reasoning
40
COGNITIVE STYLES: -What technique may some children use? Example?
-mnemonics -EXAMPLE: the rhyme for remembering the number of days in each month of the year
41
COGNITIVE STYLES: -Describe feelings of success
-these feelings encourage the child to continue making efforts and do more
42
COGNITIVE STYLES: -Describe feelings of failure -The parents shouldn't just focus on... Example?
-these feelings may lead to to avoidance of risks or low self-esteem -the bad, they should praise them for what they're good at -If they get A's in everything but math, then praise them for the A's and get them a tutor (help them)
43
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: -School-age children are usually able to express themselves in what way
verbally
44
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: -What do school-age children use as an effective communication tool?
language
45
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: -Language or other communication problems can cause what? -Example?
-a risk for social isolation and underachievement in school -EXAMPLE: children whose first language is not English may need ESL classes

Lifespan EXAM 1 (26 decks)

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