Chapter 18 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards
Toddler
The toddler stage is what years?
1-2 years
What do toddlers begin to develop?
A sense of self
Toddler behavior is often what to parents?
Frustrating
There are many kinds of changes in this stage, what types of changes are they?
physical and developmental
What do toddlers delight in?
their emerging achievements and competence
There are fewer contacts with who, and for what during the toddler stage?
-Healthcare providers
-for routine preventative care
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-Growth rates (speed up/slow) signficantly?
-Why?
-slow
-the increasingly active toddler begins the process of shedding baby fat & straightening his or her posture
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-What kind of abdomen does a toddler have?
-What about their feet?
-protuberant abdomen
-they have a characteristic gait
-this means that their feet are planted wide apart and appear flat (due to balance)
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-How many inches do toddlers grow per year?
-At 2 years old, their height is ___% of final adult height
-How many pounds do they gain per year?
-2-4 inches per year
-50
-4-6 pounds her year
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-WHO charts are used until what age?
-CDC charts are used for what ages?
-What do they meansure?
-2 years
-2-20
-standing position for stature, weight, and measure head circumference (for toddlers)
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Kidneys
-What kind of control do they have?
-they begin to have voluntary control
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Gastrointestinal
-They reach functional _____. What does this mean?
-What do they need more of?
-What can they control and what does it accomplish?
-maturity, which means that they can digest more complex foods
-frequent meals/snacks
-internal/external anal sphincters, which accomplishes successful bowel training
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-Lung capacity (increases/decreases)?
increases
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Immunity
-By 18 months what should they have?
-How is immunity built?
-Active immunity/immunizations
-Exposure to new/different organisms
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-respiratory rate (increases/decreases)
-What is a newborn’s respiratory rate?
-decrease
-30-60 breaths per minute
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-They have a (larger/smaller) upper respiratory tract diameter
-What can this potentially cause?
-What happens when their nose is obstructed with mucus?
-What are they more prone to?
-smaller
-airway obstruction
-mouth breathing
-respiratory infections
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-Blood pressure (increases/decreases)?
increases
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-Heart rate (increases/decreases)?
-What is the heart rate of a newborn?
-decreases
-110-160 beats per minute
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: EENT
-What does it stand for?
-These stuctures are most similar to that of….?
-What is there a continued risk for?
-Ear, esutachian, nasal pharynx, tonsils
-infant
-otitis media
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-They have more effective what?
-Why?
-Thermoregulation
-Capillary beds gradually increase their capacity to respond to heat and cold in the environment
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Teeth
-How many primary teeth erupt by the end of toddlerhood?
20
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Teeth
-They are still at risk for what? Why?
-Choking due to immature swallowing pattern
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Musculoskeletal
-They have (increased/decreased) size/strength of what?
-increased, muscle fibers
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Musculoskeletal
-Describe the motor movements in toddlers
Voluntary motor mvoements are often accompanied with involuntary movement on the other side of the body
ELIMATION PATTERN: TOILET TRAINING
-What is this for parents during toddlerhood?
-The toddler should be what? By when does this usually happen
-a major parental concern
-emotionally and physically ready, 18 months or older
ELIMATION PATTERN: TOILET TRAINING
-The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to parents on what three things?
- Developmental readiness of child
- Parental attitudes
- The process of toilet training
ELIMATION PATTERN: TOILET TRAINING
-What should exist when toilet training?
-consistency
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-Toddlers are always what?
busy and exploring
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-What do toddlers waste most of their waking hours doing?
Examples?
-playing
-exploring, imitating, creating rituals (sleeping, eating)
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-What is there a risk for and what can occur
-injuries
-tantrums are well known to occur
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-What is parallel play?
-side-by-side play, but independent play (no interaction)
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-Sharing and cooperation don’t develop until what age?
-preschool age
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
-What should you create?
a safety net of rutals around daily routines
ACTIVITY-EXCERCISE PATTERN:
Anticipatory guidance
-What should nurses tell the parents in regards to play?
-give them appropriate toys
-opportunities for learning and social encounters
-limit TV time to 1 hour a day
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-How many hours of sleep do they need a day?
-How has it changed from before
-12 to 13 hours a day
-one to two naps
-during infancy, they need 16 hours every day
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-What do schedules help avoid?
-If a toddler is overtired and unable to sleep, they will become…
-overfatigue
-“cranky”
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-What kind of rituals should they have?
-Changes in ritual can be what?
-What can be helpful?
-nap and bed rituals
-upsetting
-security objects (stuffed animal)
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-What should exist when the toddler tries to delay sleep
-Is it a common behavior
-firm and consistency in parenting
-Yes
