Chapter 18 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards
Toddler
The toddler stage is what years?
1-2 years
What do toddlers begin to develop?
A sense of self
Toddler behavior is often what to parents?
Frustrating
There are many kinds of changes in this stage, what types of changes are they?
physical and developmental
What do toddlers delight in?
their emerging achievements and competence
There are fewer contacts with who, and for what during the toddler stage?
-Healthcare providers
-for routine preventative care
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-Growth rates (speed up/slow) signficantly?
-Why?
-slow
-the increasingly active toddler begins the process of shedding baby fat & straightening his or her posture
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-What kind of abdomen does a toddler have?
-What about their feet?
-protuberant abdomen
-they have a characteristic gait
-this means that their feet are planted wide apart and appear flat (due to balance)
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-How many inches do toddlers grow per year?
-At 2 years old, their height is ___% of final adult height
-How many pounds do they gain per year?
-2-4 inches per year
-50
-4-6 pounds her year
BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:
-WHO charts are used until what age?
-CDC charts are used for what ages?
-What do they meansure?
-2 years
-2-20
-standing position for stature, weight, and measure head circumference (for toddlers)
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Kidneys
-What kind of control do they have?
-they begin to have voluntary control
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Gastrointestinal
-They reach functional _____. What does this mean?
-What do they need more of?
-What can they control and what does it accomplish?
-maturity, which means that they can digest more complex foods
-frequent meals/snacks
-internal/external anal sphincters, which accomplishes successful bowel training
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-Lung capacity (increases/decreases)?
increases
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Immunity
-By 18 months what should they have?
-How is immunity built?
-Active immunity/immunizations
-Exposure to new/different organisms
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-respiratory rate (increases/decreases)
-What is a newborn’s respiratory rate?
-decrease
-30-60 breaths per minute
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory
-They have a (larger/smaller) upper respiratory tract diameter
-What can this potentially cause?
-What happens when their nose is obstructed with mucus?
-What are they more prone to?
-smaller
-airway obstruction
-mouth breathing
-respiratory infections
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-Blood pressure (increases/decreases)?
increases
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-Heart rate (increases/decreases)?
-What is the heart rate of a newborn?
-decreases
-110-160 beats per minute
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: EENT
-What does it stand for?
-These stuctures are most similar to that of….?
-What is there a continued risk for?
-Ear, esutachian, nasal pharynx, tonsils
-infant
-otitis media
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Circulatory
-They have more effective what?
-Why?
-Thermoregulation
-Capillary beds gradually increase their capacity to respond to heat and cold in the environment
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Teeth
-How many primary teeth erupt by the end of toddlerhood?
20
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Teeth
-They are still at risk for what? Why?
-Choking due to immature swallowing pattern
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Musculoskeletal
-They have (increased/decreased) size/strength of what?
-increased, muscle fibers
TODDLER BODY SYSTEMS: Musculoskeletal
-Describe the motor movements in toddlers
Voluntary motor mvoements are often accompanied with involuntary movement on the other side of the body
