Chapter 20 Lecture 4 PART II Flashcards

School-Age Child

1
Q

NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERN:
-What should be addressed?
-What are they?

A

-Psychosocial issues of obesity

-Low self-esteem, ridicule, discrimination

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2
Q

NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERN:
-Name 4 ways to manage obesity
-How many overweight children achieve or mantain weight loss?

A
  1. Reasonable caloric restriction
  2. Physical exercise
  3. Peer counseling
  4. Habit changes

-few

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3
Q

ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-Childhood is a critical time to aquire and foster what?

A

activity behaviors

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4
Q

ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-Name group activities
-Name indidivual activities
-Name unorganized play activities

A

-little league baseball, soccer
-gymnastics, ballet
-bike riding, rollerblading

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5
Q

ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-What do play activities promote?

A

social, personal, and cognitive development

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6
Q

ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-What should play activites focus on?

A

fun & connections to peers and family

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7
Q

SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-How many hours a day should chilren be sleeping? Why?
-Do they have fewer difficulties with going to bed at this age?

A

-8-12 hours/per
-You don’t want want them falling asleep in class because they could fall behind
-Yes

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8
Q

SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-Sleeping arrangements can be influenced by what?
-Example?

A

-Culture
-Some may have their own bed while others share beds

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9
Q

SLEEP-REST PATTERN: Sleep disturbances
-Most of the time they are outgrown with what?
-What two things are common in children?
-What do disorders of arousal reflect?
-What should parents consider?

A

-CNS maturation
-Sleepwalking and sleep talking
-immaturity of nervous system
-safety, relaxation techniques, and sleep preparation consistency

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10
Q

COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-According to Piaget, what stage are they in?

A

-Concrete operational stage

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11
Q

COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-Because they are in the concrete operational stage, what 4 things do they do?

A
  1. They learn by manipulation of concrete objects (hands-on learning)
  2. They have a lack of abstract thinking
  3. They are less egocentric –> consider others’ views BUT with limited capacity
  4. They have an expanded conceptual understanding of conservation and time
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12
Q

COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-What are their 2 major operations?
-Example?
-What are they required for?

A

-classifying and ordering
-They can separate beads by color and/or by material
-These skills are crucial and are requisites for reading and math

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13
Q

VISION:
-Children should have optimal function of vision by what age?
-Visual acuity should be at least what in each eye?
-What is used to measure this?

A

-6-7 years
-20/30
-Snellen chart

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14
Q

VISION:
-What occurs in the eyes during school-age years?
-Vision screening is needed to detect what?

A

-eye changes
-abnormalities

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15
Q

VISION: Vision problems
-What percent of school children have visual problems?
-What is myopia?
-What is astigmatism?
-Correcting vision problems promotes what?

A

-25%
-nearsightedness
-uneven focusing
-more effective learning

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16
Q

HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION:
-Aduitory acuity is nearly complete by what age?
-What is a common cause of hearing deficit?

A

-7 years
-Chronic serous otitis media (long-term fluid in the middle ear)

17
Q

HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION:
-Children should have periodic….
-What is used?
-Nurses should provide education on what

A

-hearing evaluations
-tympanograms are used
-hearing protection –> avoid loud music with earbuds

18
Q

HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION: Sensory Perception
-Most children learn through what?
-Auditory learners learn by…
-Kinesthetic learners learn by…
-Visual learners learn by…..
-What is needed to read?

A

-a combination of patterns and senses
-listening
-doing
-seeing
-increasing the ability to differentiate detail

19
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Language develops ____ during school years
-Full capacity to ______ sounds develops during ______ years

A

-rapidly
-imitiate
-childhood

20
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-The child uses what kind of sentences?
-What do they understand?

A

-complex
-multiple meanings for the same word

21
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Most of their time in school focuses on what?
-How do they do this?

A

-reading and writing
1. Begins with letters and sound recognition
2. Letters combine to form words

22
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-What is phonics?
-What is the best way for children to learn to read effectively?

A

-sounding out individual letters rather than learning the word as a whole
-phonics

23
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Handwriting skills require what?

A

eye-hand coordination, motor control, perception

24
Q

LANGUAGE AND MEMORY: Memory
-What types of memory abilities improve?
-what helps them retain information?

A

-short term and long term memory
-organizing, classifying, and labeling information

25
INTELLIGENCE: -What IQ is considered average?
90-110
26
INTELLIGENCE: -Does the IQ test test all forms of intelligence? -Is it culturally insensitive? -What does it measure?
-No -Yes -achievement vs. ability
27
INTELLIGENCE: -What factors affect achievement? -Examples? -What programs can help?
-environmental -nutrition, sociocultural environmental stimuli -WIC, Head Start
28
LEARNING DISABILITIES: ___% of children aged _____ have a learning disability
14% -6-17
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LEARNING DISABILITIES: ADHD -Is it difficult to assess? -Are there varying symptoms? What are they?
-Yes -Yes 1. Inattention 2. Impulsiveness 3. Hyperactivity
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LEARNING DISABILITIES: -ADHD treatment is ____ -What kind of treatments can be given? (4)
-controversial 1. Behavior management 2. Counseling 3. Nutrition 4. Medication
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LEARNING DISABILITIES: -What are 6 things that nurses can do?
1. Detection 2. Referral 3. Collaboration on plan (speaking to specialist or school nurse) 4. Counseling 5. Liaison with family 6. Socialization needs
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LEARNING DISABILITIES: Legislation -What does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1977 & Section 504 of Rehabilition Act of 1973 do?
Protect children with disabilities, including those with ADHD
33