Chapter 20 Lecture 4 PART II Flashcards
School-Age Child
NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERN:
-What should be addressed?
-What are they?
-Psychosocial issues of obesity
-Low self-esteem, ridicule, discrimination
NUTRITIONAL-METABOLIC PATTERN:
-Name 4 ways to manage obesity
-How many overweight children achieve or mantain weight loss?
- Reasonable caloric restriction
- Physical exercise
- Peer counseling
- Habit changes
-few
ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-Childhood is a critical time to aquire and foster what?
activity behaviors
ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-Name group activities
-Name indidivual activities
-Name unorganized play activities
-little league baseball, soccer
-gymnastics, ballet
-bike riding, rollerblading
ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-What do play activities promote?
social, personal, and cognitive development
ACTIVITY-EXERCISE PATTERN:
-What should play activites focus on?
fun & connections to peers and family
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-How many hours a day should chilren be sleeping? Why?
-Do they have fewer difficulties with going to bed at this age?
-8-12 hours/per
-You don’t want want them falling asleep in class because they could fall behind
-Yes
SLEEP-REST PATTERN:
-Sleeping arrangements can be influenced by what?
-Example?
-Culture
-Some may have their own bed while others share beds
SLEEP-REST PATTERN: Sleep disturbances
-Most of the time they are outgrown with what?
-What two things are common in children?
-What do disorders of arousal reflect?
-What should parents consider?
-CNS maturation
-Sleepwalking and sleep talking
-immaturity of nervous system
-safety, relaxation techniques, and sleep preparation consistency
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-According to Piaget, what stage are they in?
-Concrete operational stage
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-Because they are in the concrete operational stage, what 4 things do they do?
- They learn by manipulation of concrete objects (hands-on learning)
- They have a lack of abstract thinking
- They are less egocentric –> consider others’ views BUT with limited capacity
- They have an expanded conceptual understanding of conservation and time
COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL PATTERN:
-What are their 2 major operations?
-Example?
-What are they required for?
-classifying and ordering
-They can separate beads by color and/or by material
-These skills are crucial and are requisites for reading and math
VISION:
-Children should have optimal function of vision by what age?
-Visual acuity should be at least what in each eye?
-What is used to measure this?
-6-7 years
-20/30
-Snellen chart
VISION:
-What occurs in the eyes during school-age years?
-Vision screening is needed to detect what?
-eye changes
-abnormalities
VISION: Vision problems
-What percent of school children have visual problems?
-What is myopia?
-What is astigmatism?
-Correcting vision problems promotes what?
-25%
-nearsightedness
-uneven focusing
-more effective learning
HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION:
-Aduitory acuity is nearly complete by what age?
-What is a common cause of hearing deficit?
-7 years
-Chronic serous otitis media (long-term fluid in the middle ear)
HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION:
-Children should have periodic….
-What is used?
-Nurses should provide education on what
-hearing evaluations
-tympanograms are used
-hearing protection –> avoid loud music with earbuds
HEARING-SENSORY PERCEPTION: Sensory Perception
-Most children learn through what?
-Auditory learners learn by…
-Kinesthetic learners learn by…
-Visual learners learn by…..
-What is needed to read?
-a combination of patterns and senses
-listening
-doing
-seeing
-increasing the ability to differentiate detail
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Language develops ____ during school years
-Full capacity to ______ sounds develops during ______ years
-rapidly
-imitiate
-childhood
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-The child uses what kind of sentences?
-What do they understand?
-complex
-multiple meanings for the same word
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Most of their time in school focuses on what?
-How do they do this?
-reading and writing
1. Begins with letters and sound recognition
2. Letters combine to form words
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-What is phonics?
-What is the best way for children to learn to read effectively?
-sounding out individual letters rather than learning the word as a whole
-phonics
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY:
-Handwriting skills require what?
eye-hand coordination, motor control, perception
LANGUAGE AND MEMORY: Memory
-What types of memory abilities improve?
-what helps them retain information?
-short term and long term memory
-organizing, classifying, and labeling information
INTELLIGENCE:
-What IQ is considered average?
90-110
INTELLIGENCE:
-Does the IQ test test all forms of intelligence?
-Is it culturally insensitive?
-What does it measure?
-No
-Yes
-achievement vs. ability
INTELLIGENCE:
-What factors affect achievement?
-Examples?
-What programs can help?
-environmental
-nutrition, sociocultural environmental stimuli
-WIC, Head Start
LEARNING DISABILITIES:
___% of children aged _____ have a learning disability
14%
-6-17
LEARNING DISABILITIES: ADHD
-Is it difficult to assess?
-Are there varying symptoms? What are they?
-Yes
-Yes
- Inattention
- Impulsiveness
- Hyperactivity
LEARNING DISABILITIES:
-ADHD treatment is ____
-What kind of treatments can be given? (4)
-controversial
1. Behavior management
2. Counseling
3. Nutrition
4. Medication
LEARNING DISABILITIES:
-What are 6 things that nurses can do?
- Detection
- Referral
- Collaboration on plan (speaking to specialist or school nurse)
- Counseling
- Liaison with family
- Socialization needs
LEARNING DISABILITIES: Legislation
-What does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1977 & Section 504 of Rehabilition Act of 1973 do?
Protect children with disabilities, including those with ADHD
