Chapter 8 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards by Fatima Avila

What ages does early childhood include?

Children from 1-5 years of age

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What are the two phases of early childhood and what ages do they include?

-Toddler phase: 1-2 years
-Preschool age: 3-5 years

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What do they start acquiring?

-they acquire receptive and expressive language
-They can understand more than they can express

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What skills are they developing/improving?

-social interaction skills

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What are they mastering?
-When should they start?

-Mastering self-control in areas such as toilet training
-They should start potty training around 18 months

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DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What are they beginning to develop?
What should the parent allow them to do?

-They develop a self-image and sense of autonomy versus shame and doubt
-If the toddler wants to do things, allow them to do them, but with supervision

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WALKING:
-They should be walking between what months?

12-15 months

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FONTANELS
-When does the anterioir fontanel of the skull close?
-What is it?

-18 months
-it is the soft spot on their head

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WEIGHT GAIN:
-Should be tripled by:
-Shoould be quadrupled by:

-1 year
-2 1/2 years of age

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PINCER GRASP:
-What is it?
-When does it develop?

-Ability to pick up small objects with the thumb and forefinger
-9 months

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HEARING:
-In the toddler, is it fully developed?
-what is it necessary for?

-Yes
-For speech development to occur

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FINE MOTOR SKILLS:
-When do they develop?
-What are some examples?

-during early childhood
-Self-feeding, dressing, undressing

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TOILET TRAINING:
-It occurs as what develops?
-What should the child master?

-Sphincter control develops
-Child masters some form of communication to indicate the need to use the toilet

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-Most children walk by

12-15 months

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can run by

-age 2

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can use the stairs by

2 1/2 years

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can alteernate feet on stairs and ride tricycle by

age 3

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can hop by

age 4

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TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can skip by

age 5

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TODDLER: SIZE
-Increased actvitiy decreses what?

Baby fat

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TODDLER: SIZE
-What may occur due to an exaggerated lumbar curve (lumbar lordosis)?

Protuberant abdomen

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TODDLER: SIZE
-Height increases how much per year?
Weight increases how much per year?

2-4” per year
4-6 lbs per year

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TODDLER:
-Should have ____ primary teeth by age ____

TODDLER:
-Is their pincer grasp well developed by this age?

Yes, it should be

TODDLER: -Describe their Eustachian tube -What does it predispose the toddler to, why? -how does the eustaschian tube change as they grow?

-short and straight -ear infections if put to bed with a bottle -it gets longer

TODDLER: -How is appetite affected?

-it decreases by age 2

PRESCHOOLER: SIZE - Height increases by what? -They will be what by age 2?

-2" per year -half of adult height

PRESCHOOLER: SIZE -Weight increases by what?

5-7 lbs per year

PRESCHOOLER: -What typically appears during these years in terms of intolerance?

-lactose intolerance

PRESCHOOLER: _____ of neurons continues until age _____

-Myelination - 6-7

PRESCHOOLER: -They can touch their thumb to what? -By what age

-to each finger -age 5

PRESCHOOLER: -Handedness is observed between what?

- 18 months to 5 years

PRESCHOOLER: -What kind of vision do they have by age 4?

20/20

PRESCHOOLER: -What happens to their ears? -What does it cause?

-an increase in size and shape -it brings a decrease in otitis media

PRESCHOOLER: -They should typically be toilet trained by what age?

3 1/2

NUTRITION: -The dependent child is fed by ____, whose eating habits may be based on what?

-adults -ethnic, cultural, folklore, or fad concepts

NUTRITION: -They should be getting what type of food?

-Table food that is chopped up into little pieces

NUTRITION: -What is essential for optimal ____ and ____ development in young children?

-Adequate nutrition -physical and mental

NUTRITION: -When are eating habbits developed? -What is important to have? -What is a guideline parents can use for optimal diet?

-during the early childhood years -schedules and routines -Myplate.gov

NUTRITION: -What are food insecurities? -What should we do as nurses?

-Not having enough money to buy food -We should refer them to WIC, SNAP programs, and food banks

NUTRITION: -What should be AVOIDED in terms of drinks, why?

-AVOID more than 24 ounces of milk per day -If they ONLY have milk, they can become anemic due to the lack of iron in regular milk

NUTRITION: -Choking hazards, what should you do to prevent it?

-Make sure food is not rounded/in spherical shape

Psychosocial Development: What are the tasks and considerations that it includes (7)

1. Language and Communication Skills Development 2. Cognitive Development 3. Moral Development 4. Sexuality 5. Physical Activity 6. Play 7. Day Care

DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING: -What does it assess? -What does it test for?

-social/emotional, language/communication, cognitive and movement/physical development -To see if the child is meeting developmental milestones

DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING: -As of 2021, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends ______ and ______ screening during _____ at __, __, and __ months -it recommends ____ screening at __ and __ months

-developmental and behavioral ->regular well-child visits -> 18, 19, 30 -autism -> 18 and 24

DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING: -What does the AAP recommend at every health supervision visit?

developmental surveillance/monitoring

DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING: -What are some tools used for developmental screening?

-Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) -Parent's Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) -Battelle Developmental Invetory Screening Tool (BDI-ST)

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER -They develop _____ before ______

-receptive language before expressive language

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER -By 1 year of age, they do what? -Examples?

-say their first clear word & respond to simple commands -"bye-bye" or "no!"

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER -How many words do they speak by 15 months?

4-6 words

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER -How many words do they speak by 19 months?

15 words

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER -By age 2, their vocabulary exceeds how many words? -what can they follow?

-100 words -two-step commands

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER -How does language development occur during these years?

-rapidly

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER -A typical 5-year-old has a vocabulary that exceeds how many words?

2000 words

LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER -What is speech development a reflection of?

mental and emotional development

Chapter 8 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards

Early Childhood