Chapter 8 Lecture 3 PART I Flashcards
Early Childhood
What ages does early childhood include?
Children from 1-5 years of age
What are the two phases of early childhood and what ages do they include?
-Toddler phase: 1-2 years
-Preschool age: 3-5 years
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What do they start acquiring?
-they acquire receptive and expressive language
-They can understand more than they can express
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What skills are they developing/improving?
-social interaction skills
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What are they mastering?
-When should they start?
-Mastering self-control in areas such as toilet training
-They should start potty training around 18 months
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD:
-What are they beginning to develop?
What should the parent allow them to do?
-They develop a self-image and sense of autonomy versus shame and doubt
-If the toddler wants to do things, allow them to do them, but with supervision
WALKING:
-They should be walking between what months?
12-15 months
FONTANELS
-When does the anterioir fontanel of the skull close?
-What is it?
-18 months
-it is the soft spot on their head
WEIGHT GAIN:
-Should be tripled by:
-Shoould be quadrupled by:
-1 year
-2 1/2 years of age
PINCER GRASP:
-What is it?
-When does it develop?
-Ability to pick up small objects with the thumb and forefinger
-9 months
HEARING:
-In the toddler, is it fully developed?
-what is it necessary for?
-Yes
-For speech development to occur
FINE MOTOR SKILLS:
-When do they develop?
-What are some examples?
-during early childhood
-Self-feeding, dressing, undressing
TOILET TRAINING:
-It occurs as what develops?
-What should the child master?
-Sphincter control develops
-Child masters some form of communication to indicate the need to use the toilet
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-Most children walk by
12-15 months
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can run by
-age 2
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can use the stairs by
2 1/2 years
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can alteernate feet on stairs and ride tricycle by
age 3
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can hop by
age 4
TODDLER: MOBILITY
-They can skip by
age 5
TODDLER: SIZE
-Increased actvitiy decreses what?
Baby fat
TODDLER: SIZE
-What may occur due to an exaggerated lumbar curve (lumbar lordosis)?
Protuberant abdomen
TODDLER: SIZE
-Height increases how much per year?
Weight increases how much per year?
- 2-4” per year
- 4-6 lbs per year
TODDLER:
-Should have ____ primary teeth by age ____
- 20
- 2
TODDLER:
-Is their pincer grasp well developed by this age?
Yes, it should be
TODDLER:
-Describe their Eustachian tube
-What does it predispose the toddler to, why?
-how does the eustaschian tube change as they grow?
-short and straight
-ear infections if put to bed with a bottle
-it gets longer
TODDLER:
-How is appetite affected?
-it decreases by age 2
PRESCHOOLER: SIZE
- Height increases by what?
-They will be what by age 2?
-2” per year
-half of adult height
PRESCHOOLER: SIZE
-Weight increases by what?
5-7 lbs per year
PRESCHOOLER:
-What typically appears during these years in terms of intolerance?
-lactose intolerance
PRESCHOOLER:
_____ of neurons continues until age _____
-Myelination
- 6-7
PRESCHOOLER:
-They can touch their thumb to what?
-By what age
-to each finger
-age 5
PRESCHOOLER:
-Handedness is observed between what?
- 18 months to 5 years
PRESCHOOLER:
-What kind of vision do they have by age 4?
20/20
PRESCHOOLER:
-What happens to their ears?
-What does it cause?
-an increase in size and shape
-it brings a decrease in otitis media
PRESCHOOLER:
-They should typically be toilet trained by what age?
3 1/2
NUTRITION:
-The dependent child is fed by ____, whose eating habits may be based on what?
-adults
-ethnic, cultural, folklore, or fad concepts
NUTRITION:
-They should be getting what type of food?
-Table food that is chopped up into little pieces
NUTRITION:
-What is essential for optimal ____ and ____ development in young children?
-Adequate nutrition
-physical and mental
NUTRITION:
-When are eating habbits developed?
-What is important to have?
-What is a guideline parents can use for optimal diet?
-during the early childhood years
-schedules and routines
-Myplate.gov
NUTRITION:
-What are food insecurities?
-What should we do as nurses?
-Not having enough money to buy food
-We should refer them to WIC, SNAP programs, and food banks
NUTRITION:
-What should be AVOIDED in terms of drinks, why?
-AVOID more than 24 ounces of milk per day
-If they ONLY have milk, they can become anemic due to the lack of iron in regular milk
NUTRITION:
-Choking hazards, what should you do to prevent it?
-Make sure food is not rounded/in spherical shape
Psychosocial Development:
What are the tasks and considerations that it includes (7)
- Language and Communication Skills Development
- Cognitive Development
- Moral Development
- Sexuality
- Physical Activity
- Play
- Day Care
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING:
-What does it assess?
-What does it test for?
-social/emotional, language/communication, cognitive and movement/physical development
-To see if the child is meeting developmental milestones
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING:
-As of 2021, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends ______ and ______ screening during _____ at __, __, and __ months
-it recommends ____ screening at __ and __ months
-developmental and behavioral
->regular well-child visits
-> 18, 19, 30
-autism
-> 18 and 24
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING:
-What does the AAP recommend at every health supervision visit?
developmental surveillance/monitoring
DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING:
-What are some tools used for developmental screening?
-Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3)
-Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)
-Battelle Developmental Invetory Screening Tool (BDI-ST)
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
-They develop _____ before ______
-receptive language before expressive language
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
-By 1 year of age, they do what?
-Examples?
-say their first clear word & respond to simple commands
-“bye-bye” or “no!”
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
-How many words do they speak by 15 months?
4-6 words
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
-How many words do they speak by 19 months?
15 words
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
-By age 2, their vocabulary exceeds how many words?
-what can they follow?
-100 words
-two-step commands
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER
-How does language development occur during these years?
-rapidly
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER
-A typical 5-year-old has a vocabulary that exceeds how many words?
2000 words
LANGUAGE AND DEVELOPMENT: PRESCHOOLER
-What is speech development a reflection of?
mental and emotional development
